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Comparison of TJ and ITO GaN VCSELs in terms of their frequency characteristics

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The work focuses on vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) made of nitride materials that emit a wavelength of 445 nm. Two structures were examined: a laser with a tunnel junction and implantation (TJ VCSEL) and an ITO contact (ITO VCSEL). The analysis delves into capacitance phenomena influencing the modulation speed of these lasers. The results highlight differences in active currents between two structures, i.e., currents which contribute to the modulation of the laser emission. According to the authors’ simulations, the TJ VCSEL is more effective in modulating the number of carriers in the active region than the ITO VCSEL, assuming the same modulation amplitude of driving current.
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art. no. e150609
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland
  • Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland
  • Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland
Bibliografia
  • [1] Strinati, E. C. et al. 6G: The next frontier: From holographic messaging to artificial intelligence using sub-terahertz and visible light communication. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 14, 42-50 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2019.2921162.
  • [2] Céspedes, M. M., Guzmán, B. G. & Jiménez, V. P. Lights and shadows: A comprehensive survey on cooperative and precoding schemes to overcome LOS blockage and interference in indoor VLC. Sensors 21, 861 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030861.
  • [3] Assabir, A., Elmhamdi, J. & Hammouch, A. Throughput enhance-ment of the edge user equipments based on the powerbandwidth tradeoff in the optical attocell networks. Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst. 13, 337-355 (2020). https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2020.1031.31.
  • [4] Cao, Z. et al. Reconfigurable beam system for non-line-of-sight free-space optical communication. Light Sci. Appl. 8, 69 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41377-019-0177-3.
  • [5] Mohsan, S. A., Mazinani, A., Sadiq, H. B. & Amjad, H. A survey of optical wireless technologies: Practical considerations, impairments, security issues and future research directions. Opt. Quantum Electron. 54, 187 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03442-5
  • [6] Hameed, S. M., Abdulsatar, S. M. & Sabri, A. A. BER comparison and enhancement of different optical OFDM for VLC. Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst. 14, 326-336 (2021). https://doi.org/10.22266/ijies2021.0831.29.
  • [7] Chowdhury, M. Z., Hossan, M. T., Islam, A. & Jang, Y. M. A comparative survey of optical wireless technologies: Architectures and applications. IEEE Access 16, 9819-9840 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2792419.
  • [8] Zhang, L. et al. High-speed multi-user optical wireless communi-cation between VCSEL-integrated electronic devices. Opt. Commun. 486, 126774 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2021.126774.
  • [9] Piskorski, Ł., Wasiak, M., Sarzała, R. P. & Nakwaski, W. Tuning effects in optimisation of GaAs-based InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot VCSELs. Opt. Commun. 281, 3163-3170 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2008.02.011.
  • [10] Xu, D. et al. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation of the In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot VCSELs for the 1.3 μm optical-fibre communication. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 24, 055003 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/24/5/055003.
  • [11] Sarzała, R. P. et al. Numerical self-consistent analysis of VCSELs. Adv. Opt. Technol. 2012, 689519 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/689519.
  • [12] Wasiak, M. et al. Numerical model of capacitance in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49, 175104 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/49/17/175104.
  • [13] Wasiak, M. & Sarzała, R. P. Numerical model of capacitance-related phenomena in semiconductor lasers based on partial differential equations. Opto-Electron. Rev. 32, e150606 (2024). https://doi.org/10.24425/opelre.2024.150606
  • [14] Kuramoto, M. et al. High-power GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors. Appl. Sci. 9, 416 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/app9030416.
  • [15] Forman, C. A. et al. Continuous-wave operation of m-plane GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with a tunnel junction intracavity contact. Appl. Phys. Lett. 112, 111106, (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007746.
Uwagi
1. The work is supported by the project NCN no. UMO-2018/29/N/ST7/02151.
2. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-75b6e894-d96b-4b9b-8c24-b44beaf9c3ae
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