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In Europe, at the end of the 20th century, the growth of marinas followed the rapid development of recreational marine activities. This trend has now slowed and today the creation of new marinas or the extension of existing marinas is less common, mainly due to the enforcement of protective environmental regulations. As the port sector is facing some major sustainability challenges, like tackling the pollution generated from port activities, the “green port”, or “green marina”, concept has now become a requirement. Both types of nautical ports, public ports and private marinas, share the same responsibility to achieve management standards. The term “green port” in practice describes the responsible behavior of all stakeholders in the port’s business, with a focus on the long-term vision towards the sustainable and climate-friendly development of the port’s infrastructure. This paper aims to confirm the adequacy of multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for the evaluation and introduction of energy efficient mobility options in nautical ports. Within the paper, a multi-criteria based model for energy-efficient mobility selection is presented. This model is tested on two Croatian private marinas and obtained results indicating the most suitable action for both. The output of the model showed that by far the best energy-efficient solution was the installation of electric charging stations (ECS) for cars. The presented model can assist decision-makers in port authorities and marina administrations in planning and finding the best scenario for the development of energy efficient systems and services.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
72--83
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- University of Split, Faculty of Maritime Studies
autor
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
autor
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
autor
- University of Rijeka, Faculty of Maritime Studies
Bibliografia
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- 2. Adams, M., Quinonez, P., Pallis, A.A. & Wakeman, T.H. (2009) Environmental issues in port competitiveness. Working Paper No. 7 of the Atlantic Gateway Working Paper series. Dalhousie University, Centre for International Trade and Transportation, Halifax, Canada, January.
- 3. Belton, V. & Stewart, T.J. (2002) Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis. Springer: Boston, MA; doi: 10.1007/978-1- 4615-1495-4.
- 4. Beškovnik, B. & Bajec, P. (2014) Determination of environmental initiatives and measures for port systems: The case of Koper Port. Scientific Journals Maritime University of Szczecin, Zeszyty Naukowe Akademia Morska w Szczecinie 39 (111), pp. 16–24.
- 5. Blue Flag (2020) Blue Flag marina criteria and explanatory notes 2020. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.blueflag. global/criteria [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 6. Braune, I., Pinkwart, A. & Reeg, M. (2009) Application of multi-criteria analysis for the evaluation of sustainable energy systems – A review of recent literature. In Proceedings of 5th Dubrovnik Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems.
- 7. DEEP-SEA (2020) Development of Energy Efficiency Planning and Services for the Mobility of Adriatic MARINAs. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.italy-croatia.eu/web/ deep-sea [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 8. Deluka-Tibljaš, A., Karleuša, B. & Dragičevič, N. (2013) Pregled primjene metoda višekriterijske analize pri donošenju odluka o prometnoj infrastrukturi. Gradjevinar 65, 07, pp. 619–631; doi: hrcak.srce.hr/106196.
- 9. EBI (2020) European Boating Industry. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.europeanboatingindustry.eu/ [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 10. ESPO (2012) Annex 1: Good practice examples in line with the 5 Es. In ESPO Green Guide: Towards excellence in port environmental management and sustainability. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.espo.be/publication/espogreen-guide-towards-excellence-in-port-enviro [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 11. ESPO (2019) EcoPortsinSights 2019. ESPO Environmental Report 2019. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.espo. be/media/Environmental%20Report-2019%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 12. EU (2002) Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise – Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Official Journal of the European Union L 189.
- 13. EU (2005) Directive 2005/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 7 September 2005 on shipsource pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements. Official Journal of the European Union L 255/11.
- 14. EU (2009) Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources and amending and subsequently repealing Directives 2001/77/EC and 2003/30/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L 140/16.
- 15. EU (2014) Directive 2014/94/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure. Official Journal of the European Union L 307/1.
- 16. EU (2015) Regulation (EU) 2015/757 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2015 on the monitoring, reporting and verification of carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transport, and amending Directive 2009/16/EC. Official Journal of the European Union L 123/55.
- 17. EU (2016) Directive (EU) 2016/802 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 May 2016 relating to a reduction in the sulphur content of certain liquid fuels. Official Journal of the European Union L 132/58.
- 18. EU (2019) Directive (EU) 2019/883 on port reception facilities for the delivery of waste from ships. Official Journal of the European Union L 151/116.
- 19. Font, X. (2002) Environmental certification in tourism and hospitality: Progress, process and prospects. Tourism Management 23, 3, pp. 197–205; doi: 10.1016/S0261- 5177(01)00084-X.
- 20. Gold Anchor (n.d.) Gold Anchor. General Infomation and Application Form. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www. marinas.net.au/documents/item/7 [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 21. Green Port (2015) KPIs and measuring environmental performance. [online] Avaliable from: https://www.greenport. com/news101/Projects-and-Initiatives/kpis-and-measuring-environmental-performance-at-ports-and-terminals [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 22. Hajkowicz, S. & Collins, K. (2007) A review of multiple criteria analysis for water resource planning and management. Water Resources Management 21, pp. 1553–1566.
- 23. Lam, J.S.L. & Notteboom, T. (2014) The Greening of Ports: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe. Transport Reviews 34 (2); doi: 10.1080/01441647.2014.891162.
- 24. Løken, E. (2007) Use of multicriteria decision analysis methods for energy planning problems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11, 7, pp. 1584–1595; doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2005.11.005.
- 25. Longo, F., Padovano, A., Baveja, A. & Melamed, B. (2015) Challenges and opportunities in implementing green initiatives for port terminals. 3rd International Workshop on Simulation for Energy, Sustainable Development and Environment, SESDE 2015.
- 26. Mareschal, B., Brans, J.P. & Vincke, P. (1984) Prométhée: a new family of outranking methods in multicriteria analysis. ULB Institutional Repository 2013/9305, ULB – Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
- 27. Marina Kaštela (2020) Marina Kaštela official web page. [Online] Avaliable from: https://www.marina-kastela.hr/ [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 28. Mendoza, G.A. & Martins, H. (2006) Multi-criteria decision analysis in natural resource management: A critical review of methods and new modelling paradigms. Forest Ecology and Management 230, 1–3, pp. 1–22; doi: 10.1016/j.foreco.2006.03.023.
- 29. Mladineo, M., Jajac, N. & Rogulj, K. (2016) A simplified approach to the PROMETHEE method for priority setting in management of mine action projects. Croatian Operational Research Review CRORR 7 (2), pp. 249–268; doi: 10.17535/ crorr.2016.0017.
- 30. Pavlic, B., Cepak, F., Sucic, B., Peckaj, M. & Kandus, B. (2014) Sustainable port infrastructure, practical implementation of the green port concept. Thermal Science 18, 3, pp. 935–948; doi: 10.2298/TSCI1403935P.
- 31. PIANC (2014) Sustainable Ports – A Guide for Port Authorities. Raport No. 150. The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructure.
- 32. Pohekar, S.D. & Ramachandran, M. (2004) Application of multi-criteria decision making to sustainable energy planning – A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 8, 4, pp. 365–381; doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.007.
- 33. Sdoukopoulos, E., Boile, M., Tromaras, A. & Anastasiadis, N. (2019) Energy efficiency in European ports: Stateof-practice and insights on the way forward. Sustainability 11(18), 4952; doi: 10.3390/su11184952.
- 34. Service Center Trogir (2020) Service Center Trogir – Marina Trogir. [Online] Avaliable from: https://sct.hr/ [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 35. UNCTAD (2018) Review of Maritime Transport 2018. [Online] Avaliable from: https://unctad.org/system/files/ official-document/rmt2018_en_pdf [Accessed: December 09, 2020].
- 36. Vilke, S., Krpan, L. & Milković, M. (2018) Application of the multi-criteria analysis in the process of road route evaluation. Tehnicki Vjesnik 25, 6, pp. 1851–1859; doi: 10.17559/ TV-20170530085451.
- 37. Yu, X., Chen, H. & Ji, Z. (2019) Combination of probabilistic linguistic term sets and PROMETHEE to evaluate meteorological disaster risk: Case study of southeastern China. Sustainability 11 (5), 1405; doi: 10.3390/su11051405.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-75b0b902-4b37-4dbc-9962-4c9edd2f6df7