Steric and atmospheric contributions to interannual sea level variability in the eastern mediterranean sea over 1993–2019

Mohamed, Bayoumy; Skliris, Nikolaos

doi:10.1016/j.oceano.2021.09.001

Powiadomienia systemowe

Sesja wygasła!

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Steric and atmospheric contributions to interannual sea level variability in the eastern mediterranean sea over 1993–2019

Autorzy

Mohamed Bayoumy , Skliris Nikolaos

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.oceano.2021.09.001

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Sea level trends and their forcing over the eastern Mediterranean basin are investigated by using 27 years (1993–2019) of gridded sea level anomalies (SLA) derived from satellite altimetry and 9 tide gauge stations, along with sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity profiles. The contributions of atmospheric (wind and pressure) and steric components to the interannual variability of total SLA were evaluated. The thermosteric component represents the major contributor to the linear trend and was positive over most of the eastern Mediterranean, with a spatially averaged trend of 2.13±0.41 mm/year, accounting for 69% of the total sea level trend (3.1±0.61 mm/year). In contrast, the halosteric effect has a negative contribution to the steric SLA, with a mean trend of -0.75±0.19 mm/year. The atmospheric component trend was much lower at 0.32±0.24 mm/year. The interannual variability of SLA accounts for about 36% of overall sea level variability. Steric and atmospheric contributions to the interannual variability of sea level in the eastern Mediterranean account for about 52% and 18%, respectively. The strongest interannual variability and trends in SLA were observed over the basin's main recurrent gyres, with the maximum positive trend obtained over the Mersa–Matruh and Cyprus gyres, as well as the North Shikmona eddy, and maximum negative trend over the Ierapetra gyre. Over the study period, all tide gauges showed a positive and statistically significant trend, ranging from 1.47±0.77 to 5.79±1.32 mm/year after applying glacial isostatic adjustment and atmospheric correction, and were in good agreement with reconstructed steric sea level data.

Słowa kluczowe

sea level variability and trend thermosteric and halosteric effect atmospheric contribution Eastern Mediterranean

Wydawca

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology
Elsevier

Czasopismo

Oceanologia

Rocznik

2022

Tom

No. 64 (1)

Strony

50--62

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 53 poz., map., rys., tab., wyk.

Twórcy

autor

Mohamed Bayoumy

m.bayoumy@alexu.edu.eg

University of Alexandria, Faculty of Science, Department of Oceanography, Alexandria, Egypt
Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6927-960X

autor

Skliris Nikolaos

Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2473-2586

Bibliografia

1. Ablain, M., Meyssignac, B., Zawadzki, L., Jugier, R., Ribes, A., Spada, G., Benveniste, J., Cazenave, A., Picot, N., 2019. Uncertainty in satellite estimates of global mean sea-level changes, trend and acceleration. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 11, 1189-1202. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1189-2019
2. Bonaduce, A., Pinardi, N., Oddo, P., Spada, G., Larnicol, G., 2016. Sea-level variability in the Mediterranean Sea from altimetry and tide gauges. Clim. Dyn. 47, 2851-2866. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s00382-016-3001-2
3. Calafat, F.M., Chambers, D.P., Tsimplis, M.N., 2012. Mechanisms of decadal sea level variability in the eastern North Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans 117. https:// doi.org/10.1029/2012JC008285
4. Calafat, F.M., Marcos, M., Gomis, D., 2010. Mass contribution to Mediterranean Sea level variability for the period 1948-2000. Glob. Planet. Change 73, 193-201. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. GLOPLACHA.2010.06.002
5. Carrère, L., Lyard, F., 2003. Modeling the barotropic response of the global ocean to atmospheric wind and pressure forcing - Comparisons with observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 30. https:// doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016473
6. Cazenave, A., Bonnefond, P., Mercier, F., Dominh, K., Toumazou, V., 2002. Sea level variations in the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea from satellite altimetry and tide gauges. Glob. Planet. Change 34, 59-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-8181(02) 00106-6
7. Cazenave, A., Cabanes, C., Dominh, K., Mangiarotti, S., 2001. Recent sea level change in the Mediterranean Sea revealed by Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 1607-1610. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012628
8. Church, J., Clark, P., Cazenave, A., Gregory, J., Jevrejeva, S., Levermann, A., Merrifield, M., Milne, G., Nerem, R., Nunn, P., Payne, A., Pfeffer, W., Stammer, D., Unnikrishnan, A., 2013. Chapter 13: Sea Level Change. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. State Fed. Reports Publ.
9. Criado-Aldeanueva, F., Del Río Vera, J., García-Lafuente, J., 2008. Steric and mass-induced Mediterranean Sea level trends from 14 years of altimetry data. Glob. Planet. Change 60, 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GLOPLACHA.2007.07.003
10. Fenoglio-Marc, L., 2002. Long-term sea level change in the Mediterranean Sea from multi-satellite altimetry and tide gauges. Phys. Chem. Earth 27, 1419-1431. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1474-7065(02)00084-0
11. Fenoglio-Marc, L., Dietz, C., Groten, E., 2004. Vertical land motion in the Mediterranean Sea from altimetry and tide gauge stations. Mar. Geod. 27, 683-701. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 01490410490883441
12. Giorgi, F., 2006. Climate change hot-spots. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL025734
13. Gomis, D., Ruiz, S., Sotillo, M.G., Álvarez-Fanjul, E., Terradas, J., 2008. Low frequency Mediterranean sea level variability: The contribution of atmospheric pressure and wind. Glob. Planet. Change 63, 215-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. gloplacha.2008.06.005
14. Greene, C.A., Thirumalai, K., Kearney, K.A., Delgado, J.M., Schwanghart, W., Wolfenbarger, N.S., Thyng, K.M., Gwyther, D.E., Gardner, A.S., Blankenship, D.D., 2019. The Climate Data Toolbox for MATLAB. Geochem. Geophy. Geosy. 20, 3774-3781. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008392
15. Guinehut, S., Dhomps, A.L., Larnicol, G., Le Traon, P.Y., 2012. High resolution 3-D temperature and salinity fields derived from in situ and satellite observations. Ocean Sci. 8, 845-857. https:// doi.org/10.5194/os-8-845-2012
16. Hamed, K.H., Ramachandra Rao, A., 1998. A modified Mann-Kendall trend test for autocorrelated data. J. Hydrol. 204, 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(97)00125-X
17. Huang, B., Liu, C., Banzon, V., Freeman, E., Graham, G., Han- kins, B., Smith, T., Zhang, H.M., 2021. Improvements of the Daily Optimum Interpolation Sea Surface Temperature (DOISST) Version 2.1. J. Clim. 34, 2923-2939. https://doi.org/10.1175/ JCLI-D-20-0166.1
18. Hurrell, J.W., 1995. Decadal trends in the North Atlantic oscillation: Regional temperatures and precipitation. Science 269 (5224), 676-679. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.269.5224.676
19. Ibrahim, O., Mohamed, B., Nagy, H., 2021. Spatial Variability and Trends of Marine Heat Waves in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea over 39 Years. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 9 (6), 643. https://doi.org/10. 3390/jmse9060643
20. Ishii, M., Kimoto, M., 2009. Reevaluation of historical ocean heat content variations with time-varying XBT and MBT depth bias corrections. J. Oceanogr. 65, 287-299. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s10872-009-0027-7
21. Jayne, S.R., Wahr, J.M., Bryan, F.O., 2003. Observing ocean heat content using satellite gravity and altimetry. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 108, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002jc001619
22. Jordà, G., Gomis, D., 2013. On the interpretation of the steric and mass components of sea level variability: The case of the Mediterranean basin. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 118, 953-963. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20060
23. Landerer, F.W., Volkov, D.L., 2013. The anatomy of recent large sea level fluctuations in the Mediterranean Sea. Geophys. Res. Lett. 40, 553-557. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50140
24. Levitus, S., Antonov, J.I., Boyer, T.P., Baranova, O.K., Garcia, H.E., Locarnini, R.A., Mishonov, A.V., Reagan, J.R., Seidov, D., Yarosh, E.S., Zweng, M.M., 2012. World ocean heat content and thermosteric sea level change (0-2000m), 1955-2010. Geophys. Res. Lett. 39. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051106
25. Marcos, M., Tsimplis, M.N., 2008. Coastal sea level trends in South- ern Europe. Geophys. J. Int. 175, 70-82. https://doi.org/10. 1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03892.x
26. McDougall, T.J., Barker, P.M., 2011. Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox. Scor/Iapso Wg 127, 28 pp.
27. Menna, M., Gerin, R., Notarstefano, G., Mauri, E., Bussani, A., Pac- ciaroni, M., Poulain, P.-M., 2021. On the Circulation and Thermohaline Properties of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Front. Mar. Sci. 8, art. 671469, 19 pp. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMARS. 2021.671469
28. Mohamed, B., Abdallah, A.M., Alam El-Din, K., Nagy, H., Shaltout, M., 2019a. Inter-Annual Variability and Trends of Sea Level and Sea Surface Temperature in the Mediterranean Sea over the Last 25 Years. Pure Appl. Geophys. 176, 3787-3810. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-019-02156-w
29. Mohamed, B., El-Din, K.A., 2019. Sea level rise and vertical land motion in the eastern Mediterranean. In: 14th MEDCOAST Congress on Coastal and Marine Sciences, Engineering, Manage- ment and Conservation, MEDCOAST 2019, 479-486.
30. Mohamed, B., Mohamed, A., Alam El-Din, K., Nagy, H., Elsherbiny, A., 2019b. Sea level changes and vertical land mo- tion from altimetry and tide gauges in the Southern Levantine Basin. J. Geodyn. 128, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JOG. 2019.05.007
31. Nagy, H., Elgindy, A., Pinardi, N., Zavatarelli, M., Oddo, P., 2017. A nested pre-operational model for the Egyptian shelf zone: Model configuration and validation/calibration. Dyn. Atmos. Ocean. 80, 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2017. 10.003
32. Pascual, A., Marcos, M., Gomis, D., 2008. Comparing the sea level response to pressure and wind forcing of two barotropic models: Validation with tide gauge and altimetry data. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 113. https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JC004459
33. Pastor, F., Valiente, J.A., Khodayar, S., 2020. A Warming Mediterranean: 38 Years of Increasing Sea Surface Temperature. Remote Sens. 12, 2687. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172687
34. Pawlowicz, R., McDougall, T., Feistel, R., Tailleux, R., 2012. An historical perspective on the development of the Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater-2010. Ocean Sci. https://doi.org/ 10.5194/os-8-161-2012
35. Peltier, W.R., Argus, D.F., Drummond, R., 2015. Space geodesy constrains ice age terminal deglaciation: The global ICE-6G- C (VM5a) model. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 120, 450-487. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JB011176
36. Pujol, M.I., Larnicol, G., 2005. Mediterranean sea eddy kinetic energy variability from 11 years of altimetric data. J. Mar. Syst. 58, 121-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2005. 07.005
37. Roether, W., Manca, B.B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzel, V., Kovaˇcevi ́c, V., Luchetta, A., 1996. Recent changes in eastern Mediterranean deep waters. Science 271 (5247), 333- 335. https://doi.org/10.1126/SCIENCE.271.5247.333
38. Simav, M., Yildiz, H., Türkezer, A., Lenk, O., Özsoy, E., 2012. Sea level variability at Antalya and Mente ̧s tide gauges in Turkey: Atmospheric, steric and land motion contributions. Stud. Geophys. Geod. 56, 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11200-010-0067-x
39. Skliris, N., Sofianos, S., Gkanasos, A., Mantziafou, A., Vervatis, V., Axaopoulos, P., Lascaratos, A., 2012. Decadal scale variability of sea surface temperature in the Mediterranean Sea in relation to atmospheric variability. Ocean Dyn. 62, 13-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-011-0493-5
40. Skliris, N., Zika, J.D., Herold, L., Josey, S.A., Marsh, R., 2018. Mediterranean sea water budget long-term trend inferred from salinity observations. Clim. Dyn. 51, 2857-2876. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00382-017-4053-7
41. Stammer, D., Cazenave, A., Ponte, R.M., Tamisiea, M.E., 2013. Causes for Contemporary Regional Sea Level Changes. Ann. Rev. Mar. Sci. 5, 21-46. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172406
42. Stanev, E.V., Le Traon, P.Y., Peneva, E.L., 2000. Sea level variations and their dependency on meteorological and hydrological forcing: Analysis of altimeter and surface data for the Black Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 105, 17203-17216. https://doi.org/10. 1029/1999jc900318
43. Storto, A., Bonaduce, A., Feng, X., Yang, C., 2019. Steric sea level changes from ocean reanalyses at global and regional scales. Water (Switzerland) 11, 1-31. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11101987
44. Taibi, H., Haddad, M., 2019. Estimating trends of the Mediterranean Sea level changes from tide gauge and satellite altimetry data (1993-2015). J. Oceanol. Limnol. 37, 1176-1185. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00343-019-8164-3
45. Torres, R.R., Tsimplis, M.N., 2013. Sea-level trends and interannual variability in the Caribbean Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 118, 2934-2947. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20229
46. Tsimplis, M.N., Álvarez-Fanjul, E., Gomis, D., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Pérez, B., 2005. Mediterranean Sea level trends: Atmospheric pressure and wind contribution. Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005GL023867
47. Tsimplis, M.N., Calafat, F.M., Marcos, M., Jordà, G., Gomis, D., Fenoglio-Marc, L., Struglia, M.V., Josey, S.A., Chambers, D.P., 2013. The effect of the NAO on sea level and on mass changes in the Mediterranean Sea. J. Geophys. Res. Ocean. 118, 944-952. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20078
48. Tsimplis, M.N., Josey, S.A., 2001. Forcing of the Mediterranean Sea by atmospheric oscillations over the North Atlantic. Geophys. Res. Lett. 28, 803-806. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL012098
49. Tsimplis, M.N., Rixen, M., 2002. Sea level in the Mediterranean Sea: The contribution of temperature and salinity changes. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL015870
50. Vigo, I., Garcia, D., Chao, B.F., 2005. Change of sea level trend in the Mediterranean and Black seas. J. Mar. Res. 63, 1085-1100. https://doi.org/10.1357/002224005775247607
51. Wang, G., Cheng, L., Boyer, T., Li, C., 2017. Halosteric sea level changes during the Argo era. Water (Switzerland) 9, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9070484
52. Wilks, D.S., 2011. Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences. Academic Press.
53. Woodworth, P.L., Player, R., 2003. The Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level: An Update to the 21st Century. J. Coast. Res. 19, 287-295.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-7548cd09-7ac7-4296-b3b9-8e9e080c2363