Microstructure characterization of localized corrosion wear of Cr/Cr2N+ a-C:H/a-C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fiber composites

• Autorzy: Janusz M. , Major L. , Lackner J. M. , Grysakowski B. , Krawiec H.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/bpasts-2017-0021

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The use of carbon fiber composites (CFC) for different applications is widespread. Carbon-based materials show, however, significant oxidative degradation in air. Modern materials are subjected to aggressive, corrosive environment. This type of environment may strongly reduce their mechanical properties. For the protection of CFC, it was necessary to apply coatings to the composite surface. In the presented paper, a chromium/chromium nitride (Cr/Cr2N) multilayer structure has been selected as the inner part. The outer part of the coating was a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H), gradually implanted by Cr nanocrystals. The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that the proposed deposition method allowed the formation of a Cr/Cr2N multilayer of Λ = 150 nm, topped with a-C:H+ Cr23C6 composite of a varied carbides density. The micro-hardness of the deposited coatings was up to 14 GPa (at a load of 2 and 5 mN). The microstructure of the deposited coatings was described in detail by means of TEM in the authors’ recently published paper [1]. This paper is a continuation thereof, aimed at describing microstructure changes after a localized corrosion process. In order to study localized corrosion in coatings, particularly in metallic (Cr) interlayers, the potential measurements and voltammetry experiments were performed in a Ringer solution. The open-circuit potential reaches stable values after a sufficient time period. The results indicated that the presence of a-C:H+Cr23C6, the outer part of the coating, speeds up the localized corrosion process in Cr interlayers in the inner part of a coating.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nano-composite multilayer coatings; micro-corrosion; carbon fiber composite; microstructure characterization; TEM

PL

charakterystyka mikrostruktury; TEM; nanokompozyty wielowarstwowe; kompozyt z włóknami węglowymi

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk, Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: Vol. 65, nr 2
• Strony: 171--177
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys., wykr., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Janusz M.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Major L.

• Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta St., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Lackner J. M.

• Institute for Surface Technologies and Photonics, 94 Leobner St., 8712 Niklasdorf, Austria

autor

Grysakowski B.

• Faculty of Foundry Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 23 Reymonta St., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Krawiec H.

• Faculty of Foundry Engineering, University of Science and Technology, 23 Reymonta St., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] L. Major, M. Janusz, J.M. Lackner, M. Kot, and B. Major, “Microstructure characterization of advanced protective Cr/CrN+a- -C:H/a-C:H:Cr multilayer coatings on carbon fibre composite (CFC)”, Journal of Microscopy 262, 191-202 (2016).
• [2] E. Fischer, “A simple model of the a-axis conductivity in graphite intercalation compounds”, Carbon 16, 161-163 (1977).
• [3] L. Major, J.M. Lackner, and B. Major, “Bio-tribological TiN/Ti/a- -C:H multilayer coatings development with a built-in mechanism of controlled wear”, RSC Adv. 4, 21108-21114 (2014).
• [4] L. Major, W. Tirry, and G. Van Tendeloo, “Microstructure and defect characterization at interfaces in TiN/CrN multilayer coatings”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 202, 6075-6080 (2008).
• [5] M. Berger, U. Wiklund, M. Eriksson, H. Enqvist, and S. Jacobson, “The multilayer effect in abrasion: Optimising the combination of hard and tough phases”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 116-119, 1138-1144 (1999).
• [6] H.A. Jehn, “Improvement of the corrosion resistance of PVD hard coating - substrate systems”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 125, 212-217 (2000).
• [7] S. Han, J.H. Lin, X.J. Guo, S.H. Tsai, Y.O. Su, J.H. Huang, F.H. Lu, and H.C. Shih, “Effect of Cr interlayer on the microstructure of CrN coatings on steel”, Thin Solid Films 377-388, 578-584 (2000).
• [8] L. Major, J. Morgiel, B. Major, J.M. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, R. Ebner, L. Nistor, and G. Van Tendeloo, “Crystallographic aspects related to advanced tribological multilayers of Cr/CrN and Ti/TiN types produced by pulsed laser deposition (PLD)”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 6190-6195 (2006).
• [9] S. Han, J.H. Lin, D.Y. Wang, F.-H.Lu, and H.C. Shih, “Corrosion resistance of chromium nitride on low alloy steels by cathodic arc deposition”, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 19 (4), 1442-1446 (2001).
• [10] D.K. Merl, P. Panjan, M. Cekada, and M. Macek, “The corrosion behavior of Cr-(C,N) PVD hard coatings deposited on various substrates”, Electrochim. Acta 49, 1527-1533 (2004).
• [11] H. Ronkainen, S. Varjus, and K. Holmberg, “Friction and wear in dry, water- and oil-lubricated DLC against alumina and DLC against steel contact”, Wear 222, 120-128 (1998).
• [12] Q. Wang, F. Zhou, X. Ding, Z. Zhou, C. Wang, W. Zhang, L. Kwok-Yan Li, and S. Tong Li, “Structure and water-lubricated tribological properties of Cr/a-C coatings with different Cr content”, Tribol. Int. 67, 104-115 (2013).
• [13] MS. Zimowski, T. Moskalewicz, M. Kot, B. Wendler, and A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz, “Microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the nc-CrxCy/a-C and nc-CrxCy/a-C:H nanocomposite coatings on oxygen-hardened Ti-6Al-4V alloy”, Surf. Inter. Anal. 44, 1225-1228 (2012).
• [14] T. Moskalewicz, B. Wendler, and A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz, “Microstructural characterisation of nanocomposite nc-MeC/a-C coatings on oxygen hardened Ti-6Al-4V alloy”, Mater. Character. 61, 959-968 (2010).
• [15] J.M. Lackner, “Industrially-scaled large-area and high-rate tribological coating by pulsed laser deposition”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 1439-1444 (2005).
• [16] J.M. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, R. Berghauser, R. Ebner, and G. Kothleitner, “Growth phenomena in room temperature pulsed laser deposited chromium and chromium nitride coatings”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 387-390 (2005).
• [17] H.O. Pierson, Handbook of Refractory Carbides and Nitrides, Noyes Publications, 1996.
• [18] M. Kot, L. Major, and J.M. Lackner, “The tribological phenomena of a new type of TiN/a-C:H multilayer coatings”, Mater. and Design 51, 280-286 (2013).
• [19] M. Kot, L. Major, K. Chronowska-Przywara, J.M. Lackner, W. Waldhauser, and W. Rakowski, “The advantages of incorporating CrxC nanograins into an a-C:H matrix in tribological coatings”, Mater. and Design 56, 981-989 (2014).
• [20] A. Czyżniewski, “Preparation and characterisation of a-C and a-C:H coatings deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 203, 1027-1033 (2009).
• [21] G. Gassner, P.H. Mayrhofer, C. Mitterer, and J. Kiefer, “Structure- property relations in Cr-C/aC:H coatings deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 200, 1147-1150 (2005).
• [22] J.M. Lackner, C. Stotter, W. Waldhauser, R. Ebner, W. Lenz, and M. Beutl, “Pulsed laser deposition of diamond-like carbon coatings for industrial tribological applications”, Surf. Coat. Technol. 174-175, 402-407 (2003).
• [23] J. Högström, M. Andersson, U. Jansson, F. Björefors, and L. Nyholm, “On the evaluation of corrosion resistances of amorphous chromium-carbon thin-films”, Electrochim. Acta Mater. 122, 224-233 (2014).

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).