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Determining Attenuation of Impulse Noise With an Electrical Equivalent of a Hearing Protection Device

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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Determining the effectiveness of impulse noise attenuation with hearing protection devices (HPDs) is an important part of their selection. Measuring impulse noise parameters under an HPD would involve exposing subjects to impulses with a high peak sound pressure level. This paper presents a computational method of determining impulse noise parameters under the cups of earmuffs. Calculations are done using the transfer function of earmuffs, determined with Shaw's electrical equivalent of an HPD, taking into account the design parameters of earmuffs. The developed method was used for calculations in the presence of impulse noise generated by gunshots. To verify the computational method, the results of these calculations were compared with the results of measurements.
Rocznik
Strony
127--141
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
  • Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
Bibliografia
  • 1.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics – hearing protectors – part 2: estimation of effective A-weighted sound pressure levels when hearing protectors are worn (Standard No. ISO 4869-2:1994). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1994.
  • 2.European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Hearing protectors – recommendations for selection, use, care and maintenance – guidance document (Standard No. EN 458:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2004.
  • 3.Ward WD, editor. Proposed damage-risk criterion for impulse noise (gunfire). Report of Working Group 57. [Washington, DC, USA]: National Academy of Sciences – National Research Council, Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics (CHABA); 1968.
  • 4.Pfander F. Damage risk criteria with and without ear protection for impulse noise with high intensities regarding ear, larynx and lungs. Scand Audiol Suppl. 1982;16:41–8.
  • 5.Pfander F, editor. Das Schalltrauma [Acoustic trauma] (Schriftenreihe Präventivmedizin [Preventive medicine series] PM 1). Bonn, Germany: Ministry of Defence; 1994.
  • 6.Smoorenburg GF. Damage risk criteria for impulse noise. In: Hamernik RP, Henderson D. Salvi R, editors. New perspectives on noise. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press; 1982. p. 471–90.
  • 7.Toppila E, Starck J. The attenuation of hearing protectors against high-level shooting impulses. Archives of Acoustics. 2004;29(2):275–82.
  • 8.Zera J, Mlynski R. Attenuation of highlevel impulses by earmuffs. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2007;122(4):2082–96.
  • 9.Lwow F, Józków P, Mędraś M. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). 2011;17(1):69–77. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from: http://www.ciop.pl/41814.
  • 10.Shaw EAG. Hearing protector design concepts and performance limitations. In: Alberti PW, editor. Personal Hearing Protection in Industry. International Symposium on Personal Hearing Protection. New York, NY, USA: Raven Press; 1980. p. 51–68.
  • 11.Brinkmann H. Effectiveness of ear protection against impulse noise. Scand Audiol Suppl. 1982;16:23–39.
  • 12.Mlynski R, Zera J. Prediction of impulsive noise waveform under an earmuff worn by a real user [abstract]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2008;123(5):3529.
  • 13.Directive 2003/10/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 February 2003 on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (noise). OJ. 2003;L42:38–44. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:042:0038:0044:EN:PDF.
  • 14.Rozporządzenie Ministra Pracy i Polityki Społecznej z dnia 29 listopada 2002 r. w sprawie najwyższych dopuszczalnych stężeń i natężeń czynników szkodliwych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy [Regulation of the Minister of Labor and Social Policy of 29 November 2002 on the maximum admissible concentrations and intensities of factors harmful to health in the workplace]. Dz U. 2002;(217):item 1833; amended by Dz U. 2005;(212):item 1769; Dz U. 2007;(161):item 1142; Dz U. 2009;(105):item 873; Dz U. 2010;(141): item 950. In Polish. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from: http://www.mpips.gov.pl/userfiles/File/Prawo/Warunki%20pracy/2011/4.%20NDS%20zm_01.11.pdf.
  • 15.Beranek LL. Acoustics. New York, NY, USA: American Institute of Physics; 1996.
  • 16.Zwislocki J. Design and testing of earmuffs. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1955;27(6):1154–63.
  • 17.Buck K. Performance of hearing protectors in impulse noise. In: Damage risk from impulse noise (RTO Lecture Series 219). Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Research and Technology Organization (RTO); 2000. p. 3–10. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from: http://ftp.rta.nato.int/public//PubFulltext/RTO/EN/RTO-EN-011///EN-011-$$ALL.PDF.
  • 18.Pauroablly MR, Pan J. The mechanisms of passive ear defenders. Applied Acoustics. 2000;60(3):293–311.
  • 19.Shaw EAG. The external ear. In: Keidel WD, Neff WD, editors. Handbook of sensory physiology. Berlin: Springer; 1974. vol. V/1, p. 455–90.
  • 20.Harris CM, Piersol AG. Harris’ shock and vibration handbook. 5th ed. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
  • 21.Zwislocki J. In serch of the bone conduction threshold in a free sound field. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 1957;29(7):795–804.
  • 22.Berger EH, Kieper RW, Gauger D. Hearing protection: surpassing the limits to attenuation imposed by the bone-conduction pathways. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 2003;114(4):1955–67.
  • 23.European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Hearing protectors – safety requirements and testing – part 1 – earmuffs. (Standard No. EN 352-1:2002). Brussels. Belgium: CEN; 2002.
  • 24.Council Directive of 21 December 1989 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to personal protective equipment (89/686/EEC). OJ. 1989;L399:1–31. Retrieved March 28, 2012, from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CONSLEG:1989L0686:20031120:EN:PDF.
  • 25.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics – hearing protectors - part 3: measurement of insertion loss of ear-muff type protectors using an acoustic test fixture (Standard No. ISO 4869-3:2007). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2007.
  • 26.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics – hearing protectors - part 1: subjective method for the measurement of sound attenuation (Standard No. ISO 4869-1:1990). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 1990.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-7456efad-1cc5-41f7-937d-c8c7fd435311
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