Optimization of Slow Sand Filtration for the Raw Municipal Wastewater Treatment by Using the Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa) Shell as an Alternative Filter Media through the Response Surface Methodology

• Autorzy: Fitriani Nurina , Ni'matuzahroh , O'Marga Timothy Tjahja Nugraha , Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira , Wahyudianto Febri Eko , Imron Muhammad Fauzul , Isnadina Dwi Ratri Mitha , Soedjono Eddy Setiadi

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/147833

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This research aimed to investigate the optimum conditions of slow sand filter (SSF) media modification by using ground Anadara granosa shell waste and the effect of the ripening period on the total coliform (TC) removal efficiency. The response surface methodology with the central composite design was conducted with three factors, namely, seeding time (2–3 weeks), running time (0–20 days), type of SSF media (i.e., river sand, A. granosa shell, and their combination), as independent variables. The results showed that the ripening period factor interacted insignificantly by improving the TC removal efficiency due to short ripening time (p > 0.05). The optimum conditions of the SSF to achieve maximum TC removal efficiency (99.70 ± 21.50%) were as follows: combination media of river sand and ground A. granosa shell waste, 2.8 weeks (20 days) of ripening period, and 20 days of operation. In conclusion, the optimum operating parameters of the slow sand filter revealed that the combination of river sand and A. granosa shell as well as prolonged ripening and running times could increase the removal efficiency of TC. Hence, the A. granosa shell has good application potential as filter media to remove TC from the municipal wastewater.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

domestic wastewater; response surface methodology; slow sand filter; total coliform

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 23, nr 6
• Strony: 100--111
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Fitriani Nurina

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Ni'matuzahroh

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

O'Marga Timothy Tjahja Nugraha

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Radin Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira

• Department of Civil Engineering Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

autor

Wahyudianto Febri Eko

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Imron Muhammad Fauzul

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-2421

autor

Isnadina Dwi Ratri Mitha

• Study Program of Environmental Engineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus C UNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Soedjono Eddy Setiadi

• Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Planning and Geo Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Sukolilo 60111, Indonesia

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