Spray Combustion Investigation through Optical Techniques in a Prototype Compression Ignition Engine fuelled with n-Butanol-Diesel Blends

• Autorzy: Marchitto L. , Merola S. S. , Tornatore C. , Valentino G.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Optyczne techniki badania spalania rozpylonej strugi paliwa w prototypowym silniku z ZS zasilanym mieszankami oleju napędowego z n-butanolem

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The increasing energy demand from emerging countries and the simultaneous fossil oil shortage promote the use of alternative fuels. Even if gasoline and diesel continue to dominate automotive market, the use of non-conventional fuels such as biodiesel or alcohols is growing. Exhaust emissions and performance of compression ignition engines fuelled with diesel-alcohol fuel blends have been widely investigated. On the other hand, a deeper understanding of in-cylinder combustion is necessary as the different chemical physical properties of alcohols, such as oxygen content, volatility and cetane number affect the ignition, combustion mechanism and the pollutants formation. This work reports results of cycle resolved visualization and UV-visible optical imaging, carried out in an optically accessible compression ignition engine. Two different blends of diesel and n-butanol were tested: 20% and 40% of n-butanol by volume. The effect of n-butanol concentration on flame lift-off length and soot formation was investigated. Exhaust Gas Recirculation (O2 at intake 17%) was used for further reducing the local temperature peak. The combined effect of EGR and high oxygen content of n-butanol/diesel blends induced a simultaneous reduction of both NOx and soot emission. The correlation of optical measurements with thermodynamic and exhaust emission analysis allowed to emphasize the role of n-butanol oxygen content in the soot oxidation process.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

diesel engine; n-butanol; PPCI; UV-visible imaging; soot; NOx

PL

silniki spalinowe; n-butanol; mieszanki

• Wydawca: Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: nr 204
• Strony: 199--215
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Marchitto L.

• Istituto Motori - CNR - Napoli, Italy

autor

Merola S. S.

• Istituto Motori - CNR - Napoli, Italy

autor

Tornatore C.

• Istituto Motori - CNR - Napoli, Italy

autor

Valentino G.

• Istituto Motori - CNR - Napoli, Italy

Bibliografia

• [1] Yao, M., Zheng, Z., Liu, H.: Progress and recent trends in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines. Prog Energy Combust Sci, 35 (2009), pp. 398-437.
• [2] Dec, J.E., Sjoberg, M.: Isolating the effects of fuel chemistry on combustion phasing in an HCCI engine and the potential of fuel stratification for ignition control. SAE 2004- 01-0557; 2004.
• [3] Bendu, H., Murugan, S.: Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion: Mixture preparation and control strategies in diesel engines. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 38 (2014), pp. 732-746.
• [4] Kim, K., Wang, Z., Wang, B., Shuai, S., Yang, H., Bae, C.: Load expansion of naphtha multiple premixed compression ignition (MPCI) and comparison with partially premixed compression ignition (PPCI) and conventional diesel combustion (CDC). Fuel, 136 (2014), pp. 1-9.
• [5] Kiplimo, R., Tomita, E., Kawahara, N., Yokobe, S.: Effects of spray impingement, injection parameters, and EGR on the combustion and emission characteristics of a PCCI diesel engine. Applied Thermal Engineering 37 (2012), pp. 165-175.
• [6] Chen, Z., Wu, Z.H., Liu, J.P., Lee, C.: Combustion and emissions characteristics of high n-butanol/diesel ratio blend in a heavy-duty diesel engine and EGR impact. Energy Convers Manag, 78 (2014), pp. 787-795.
• [7] Siwale, L., Kristóf, L., Adam, T., Bereczky, A., Mbarawa, M., Penninger, A., et al.: Combustion and emission characteristics of n-butanol/diesel fuel blend in a turbo-charged compression ignition engine. Fuel, 107 (2013), pp. 409-418.
• [8] Rakopoulos, D.C., Rakopoulos, C.D., Giakoumis, E.G., Dimaratos, A.M., Kyritsis, D.C.: Effects of butanol-diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(10), 1989- 1997, 2010.
• [9] Zheng, Z.Q., Li, C.L., Liu, H.F., Zhang, Y., Zhong, X.F., Yao, M.E: Experimental study on diesel conventional and low temperature combustion by fuelingfour isomers of butanol. Fue1,141 (2014), pp. 109-119.
• [10] Valentino, G., Corcione, EE., Iannuzzi, S.E., Serra, S.: Experimental study on performance and emissions of a high speed diesel engine fuelled with n-butanol diesel blends under premixed low temperature combustion. Fuel, 92 (1) (2012), pp. 295-307.
• [11] Liu, H.E, Wang, X., Zheng, Z.Q., Gu, J.B., Wang H., Yao, M.F.: Experimental and simulation investigation of the combustion characteristics and emissions using n-butanol/biodiesel dual fuel injection on a diesel engine. Energy, 74 (2014), pp. 741-752.
• [12] Lapuerta, M., Martos, E J., & Cardenas, M. D.: Determination of light extinction efficiency of diesel soot from smoke opacity measurements. Measurement Science and Technology, 16(10), 2048, 2005, doi:10.1088/0957-0233/16/10/021.
• [13] Valentino, G., Merola, S., Marchitto, L., & Tornatore, C.: Butanol-Diesel Blend Spray Combustion Investigation by UV-Visible Flame Emission in a Prototype Single Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine. SAE International Journal of Engines 8.2015-24- 2435 (2015).
• [14] Gaydon, A.G.: The Spectroscopy of Flames. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London, 1974.
• [15] Crosley D.R., Lengel RK.: (1975). Relative transition probabilities and the electronic transition moment in the A-X system of OH. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 15(7-8), 579-591.
• [16] Luque J. and Crosley D.R.: LIFBASE: Database and spectral simulation (version 1.5). SRI International Report MP 99-009 (1999).
• [17] Zhao, H., & Ladommatos, N.: Optical diagnostics for soot and temperature measurement in diesel engines. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 24(3), 221-255, 1998, doi:10.1016/S0360-1285(97)00033-6.
• [18] Kosaka, H., Aizawa, T., & Kamimoto, T.: Two-dimensional imaging of ignition and soot formation processes in a diesel flame. International Journal of Engine Research, 6(1), 21-42, 2005, doi: 10.1243/146808705X7347.
• [19] Otsu, Nobuyuki. A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms. Auto- matica 11.285-296 (1975): 23-27.
• [20] Dec, J. and Espey, C.: Chemiluminescence Imaging of Autoignition in a DI Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper 982685, 1998, doi:10.4271/982685.
• [21] Fujimoto, H., Kurata, K., Asai, G., and Senda, J.: OH Radical Generation and Soot Formation/Oxidation in DI Diesel Engine. SAE Technical Paper 982630, doi:10.4271/982630.
• [22] Merola, S.S., Vaglieco, B.M., Corcione, F.E., Formisano G.: Spectral analysis of combustion process of common rail diesel engine. SAE Paper 2002-01-1634; 2002.
• [23] Dec, J. and Espey, C.: Ignition and Early Soot Formation in a DI Diesel Engine Using Multiple 2-D Imaging Diagnostics. SAE Technical Paper 950456, 1995, doi:10.4271/950456.
• [24] Siebers, D., Higgins, B., and Pickett, L.: Flame Lift-Off on Direct-Injection Diesel Fuel Jets: Oxygen Concentration Effects. SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-0890, 2002, doi:10.4271/2002-01-0890.
• [25] Pickett, L. M., & Siebers, D. L.: (2006). Soot formation in diesel fuel jets near the lift-off length. International Journal of Engine Research, 7(2), pp. 103-130.
• [26] Donkerbroek, A. J., Boot, M. D., Luijten, C. C. M., Dam, N. J., & Ter Meulen, J. J.: (2011). Flame lift-off length and soot production of oxygenated fuels in relation with ignition delay in a DI heavy-duty diesel engine. Combustion and Flame, 158(3), pp. 525-538.