Buta-1,3-dien

• Autorzy: Sitarek K , Szymczak W.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Buta-1,3-diene

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Buta-1,3-dien w temperaturze pokojowej jest gazem stosowanym do produkcji żywic termoplastycznych elastomerów kauczuku i lateksu, gdyż ten wchłania się głównie w układzie oddechowym, a następnie jest metabolizowany do monoepoksydu 1,2-epoksy-3-butenu i diepoksydu 1,2,3,4-diepoksybutanu, a po sprzężeniu z glutationem wydalany z moczem. Z danych Centralnego Rejestru o Narażeniu na Substancje o Działaniu Rakotwórczym lub Mutagennym w Łodzi wynika, że w 2005 r. liczba narażonych na ten związek w Polsce wynosiła około 300 osób i dodatkowo około 520 narażonych na substancje ropopochodne, których działanie rakotwórcze jest uzależnione od buta-1,3-dienu. Buta-1,3-dien o małych stężeniach jest łagodnym czynnikiem narkotycznym dla ludzi, natomiast u zawodowo narażonych na ten związek stwierdzano objawy jego działania drażniącego na błony śluzowe oczu i dróg oddechowych. Według danych stacji sanitarno-epidemiologicznych w 2007 r. nie zanotowano w przemyśle polskim narażenia pracowników na buta-1,3-dien o stężeniu 10 mg/m3, czyli przekraczającym obowiązującą wartość NDS (dane niepublikowane, Główny Inspektor Sanitarny 2007). Buta-1,3-dien jest substancją o niewielkiej toksyczności ostrej dla zwierząt (wartość LC50 dla szczurów wynosi 270 000 mg/m3). Substancja ta jest mutagenna i genotoksyczna, może powodować uszkodzenia materiału genetycznego komórek somatycznych i komórek płciowych. Wykazano, że buta-1,3-dien jest czynnikiem rakotwórczym dla myszy B6C3F1 i szczurów. Istnieją również dowody wskazujące, że narażenie zawodowe na buta-1,3-dien jest związane z ryzykiem nowotworów układu limfohematopoetycznego. Według klasyfikacji IARC buta-1,3- -dien jest zaliczany do grupy 2A, czyli czynników prawdopodobnie rakotwórczych dla ludzi, a wg klasyfikacji ACGIH do grupy A2, czyli substancji podejrzanych o działanie rakotwórcze dla ludzi. W Polsce buta-1,3-dien jest zaklasyfikowany do Kat. 1. czynników rakotwórczych i do Kat. 2. czynników mutagennych. Buta-1,3-dien nie powoduje zaburzeń płodności, a jego działanie teratogenne ujawniło się tylko wówczas, gdy zastosowane dawki były toksyczne dla matek. Eksperci ACGIH (2006) zalecają przyjęcie biologicznych wskaźników 8-godzinnego narażenia zawodowego na buta-1,3-dien o stężeniu 4,42 mg/m3. Wskaźnikami tymi są: 1,2-dihydroksy-4- -N-acetylocysteinyl)-butan w moczu i addukty hemoglobiny N-1 i N-2-(hydroksybutenyl)-walina we krwi. Narażenie powyższe odzwierciedla stężenie 1,2-dihydroksy-4-(N-acety-locysteinyl)-butanu równe 2,5 mg/l mierzone na zakończenie zmiany roboczej, a narażenie w okresie ostatnich 120 dni pokazuje stężenie mieszaniny adduktów na poziomie 2,5 pmol/gHb. Na podstawie oceny ryzyka wystąpienia nowotworów układu limfohematopoetycznego proponuje się przyjęcie wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia (NDS) buta-1,3-dienu w powietrzu środowiska pracy na poziomie 4,4 mg/m3 oraz następujące wskaźniki dopuszczalnego narażenia w materiale biologicznym (DSB): – 2,5 mg/l 1,2-dihydroksy-4-(N-acetylocysteinyl)-butanu w moczu mierzone na zakoń-czenie zmiany roboczej – 2,5 pmol/gHb – addukty hemoglobiny N-1 i N-2-(hydroksybutenyl)-walina we krwi obrazujące narażenie w okresie ostatnich 120 dni. Nie znaleziono podstaw do wyznaczania wartości najwyższego dopuszczalnego stężenia chwilowego (NDSCh) buta-1,3-dienu.

EN

Buta-1,3-diene is a colorless gas. It is produced in large volumes and used in manufacturing thermoplastic resins, elastomers and synthetic rubber. Exposure by inhalation is the dominant pathway for exposure. Occupational exposure to this substance is associated with the induction of leukemia. The major metabolites of buta-1,3-diene are: 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (EB), 1,2,3,4- -diepoxybutavne (DEB) and 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxybutane (EB-diol). Buta-1,3-diol and its metabolites have been mutagenic and clastogenic in numerous in vivo and in vitro tests. Buta-1,3-diene is genotoxic in somatic and germ cells of laboratory rodents. This substance is terato-genic in animals at doses toxic to mothers. Long-term exposure to buta-1,3-diene in relatively low concentrations was associated with ovarian atrophy in mice, whereas in greater concentra-tions with atrophy of testes in male mice. Buta-1,3-diene is a carcinogen in mice inducing tu-mors in multiple sites. The Expert Group recommended, on the basis of the results of a human carcinogenicity study, a TLV value for buta-1,3-diene of 4.4 mg/m3. The BEI indicates an exposure level associated with exposure to 4.4 mg/m3: 1,2-dihydroxy-4-(N-acetylcysteinyl)-butane in urine 2.5 mg/l (end of shift), a mixture of N-1 and N-2-(hydroxybutenyl(valine) hemoglobin adducts in blood – 2.5 pmol/gHb. Carcinogen Cat.1 and Muta. Cat. 2 notations are also recommended.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

buta-1,3-dien; narażenie zawodowe; NDS; DSB

EN

buta-1,3-diene; occupational exposure; TWA; BEI

• Wydawca: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Nr 4 (62)
• Strony: 27--57
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 107 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Sitarek K

• Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

autor

Szymczak W.

• Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 91-348 Łódź ul. św. Teresy od Dzieciątka Jezus 8

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