Thermal Properties of 1×1, 2×2, 3×3 Rib Knit Fabrics

• Autorzy: Uçar N. , Yilmaz T.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Właściwości termiczne dzianin o splotach dwuprawych 1×1, 2×2, 3×3

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The thermal property of fabric is very important for both its thermal comfort and protection against challenging weather conditions. Although some research has reportedly been done on the dimensional and some of the mechanical properties of rib knit fabrics, no detailed study about the thermal properties of rib knit fabric could be seen. In this study, the natural and forced convective heat transfer characteristics of rib knit fabric have been analysed. The effect of rib design and other fabric properties such as fabric density and air permeability on thermal behaviour have been considered. It has been noted that a decrease in rib number of the order of 3×3, 2×2 or 1×1 leads to a decrease in heat loss due to an increase in the amount of air entrapped between the face and the back loop. The results also indicated that as the fabric gets tighter, so the heat loss lessens, due to reduced air permeability, i.e., reduced air circulation within the fabric. Thus, it results that when the fabric design (1×1 rib, 2×2 rib, 3×3 rib, etc.) is taken into consideration, the conductive heat loss due to fibres and air gaps becomes more important than the heat loss due to air circulation (convective heat loss). However, when the fabric density for each fabric design is taken into consideration, the heat loss due to air circulation (convective heat loss) becomes more important than the conductive heat loss due to fibres and air gaps.

PL

Właściwości termiczne płaskich wyrobów włókienniczych są bardzo ważne z punktu widzenia komfortu i zabezpieczenia przed warunkami pogodowymi. Jakkolwiek istnieją publikacje o właściwościach mechanicznych i deformacjach dzianin dwuprawych, to nie natrafiono na informacje dotyczące ich właściwości termicznych. Autorzy przeprowadzili badania przebiegu przenoszenia ciepła za pośrednictwem naturalnej i wymuszonej konwekcji. Badano wpływ splotu, gęstości dzianiny i jej przepuszczalności dla powietrza na właściwości termiczne. Stwierdzono, że zmniejszenie rządków oczek dwuprawych z 3x3 do 1x1 prowadzi do zmniejszenia strat cieplnych w wyniku wzrostu ilości powietrza zamkniętego pomiędzy czołem a tylną ścianą oczka. Podobnie wzrost gęstości dzianiny zmniejsza straty ciepła w wyniku zmniejszenia przepuszczalności powietrza (zredukowanej cyrkulacji powietrza w obrębie dzianiny). Biorąc pod uwagę wzór dzianiny (sploty dwuprawe 1x1, 2x2, 3x3, itd.), to straty ciepła na przewodzenie poprzez włókna i szczeliny powietrza są bardziej istotne niż straty ciepła w wyniku cyrkulacji powietrza (konwekcji). Natomiast, jeżeli weźmiemy pod uwagę gęstość dzianiny dla danego wzoru, to straty konwekcyjne są znaczniejsze niż straty na przewodzenie.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

rib knit fabric; heat transfer; natural convection; forced convection; conductive; thermal comfort

PL

splot dwuprawy; przenikanie ciepła; konwekcja naturalna; konwekcja wymuszona; przewodzenie; komfort cieplny

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Łódzki Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
• Rocznik: 2004
• Tom: Vol. 12, no. 3 (47)
• Strony: 34--38
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Uçar N.

• Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanics, Department of Textile Engineering, 34439, Istanbul, Turkey

autor

Yilmaz T.

• Istanbul Technical University, Faculty of Mechanics,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Istanbul 34439, Turkey

Bibliografia

• 1. Annual Book of ASTM Standards: ASTM D 1777-64(1975) Standard Method for Measuring Thickness of Textile Materials, Volume 07.01 American Society for Textile and Materials, Easton, PA, USA, 1991. Turkish Standard Institute: TSE 391(1974), Air Permeability, Ankara, Turkey.
• 2. Farnworth, B., Dolhan, P.A., Heat and Water Transport through Cotton and Polypropylene Underwear, Textile Research Journal, 55, 627-630, 1985.
• 3. Gibson, P.W., Factors Influencing Steady State Heat and Water Vapor Transfer Measurement for Clothing Materials, Textile Research Journal, 63, 749-762, 1993.
• 4. Hatch, K.L., Woo, S.S., Barker, R.L., Radhakrishnaiah, P., Markee, N.L., Maibach, H.I., In Vivo Cutaneous and Perceived Comfort Response to Fabric, Part I: Thermophysiological Comfort Determinations for Three Experimental Knit Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 60, 405-411, 1990.
• 5. Holcombe, B.V., Hoschke, B.N., Dry Heat Transfer Characteristics of Underwear Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 53, 368-374, 1983.
• 6. Jirsak, O., Gök, T., Özipek, B., Pan, N., Comparing Dynamic and Static Methods for Measuring Thermal Conductive Properties of Textile, Textile Research Journal, 68, 47-56, 1998.
• 7. Knapton, J.J.F., Ahrens, F.J., Ingenthron, W.W., Fong, W., The Dimensional Properties of Knitted Wool Fabrics, Part II: 1×1, 2×2 Rib and Half Cardigan Structures, Textile Research Journal, 38, 1013-1026, 1968.
• 8. Lamb, G.E.R., Yoneda, M., Heat Loss from a Ventilated Clothed Body, Textile Research Journal, 60, 383, 1990.
• 9. Lamb, G.E.R., Morris, K.D., Heat Loss through Fabrics under Ventilation with and without a Phase Transition Additive, Textile Research Journal, 60, 265, 1990.
• 10. Lee, Y.M., Barker, R.L., Thermal Protective Performance of Heat Resistant Fabrics in Various High Intensity Heat Exposures, Textile Research Journal, 57, 123-132, 1987.
• 11. Mackay, C., Anand, S., Bishop, D.P., Effects of Laundering on Sensory and Mechanical Properties of 1×1 Rib Knitwear Fabrics, Part I: Experimental Procedures and Fabric Dimensional Properties, Textile Research Journal, 66, 151-157, 1996.
• 12. Mackay, C., Anand, S., Bishop, D.P., Effects of Laundering on Sensory and Mechanical Properties of 1×1 Rib Knitwear Fabrics, Part II: Changes in Sensory and Mechanical Properties, Textile Research Journal, 69, 252-260,1999.
• 13. Nield, D.A and Bejan, A., Convection in Porous Media, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1992.
• 14. Niven, C.D., The Heat Transmission of Fabrics in Wind, Textile Research Journal, 48, 8-811, 1957.
• 15. Nutting, T.S., Leaf, G.A.V., A Generalized Geometry of Weft Knitted Fabrics, Journal of The Textile Institute, 55, T45-T53 1964.
• 16. Özdemir, M., Forced Convective Heat Transfer in Porous Medium of Wire Screen Meshes, PhD thesis, ITU, 1996.
• 17. Schneider, A.M., Hoschke, B.N., Goldsmid, H.J., Heat Transfer Through Moist Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 62, 61-66, 1992.
• 18. Sharma, I.C., Gupta, N.K., Agarwal, B.R., Patnaik, N.R., Effect of Twist Factor and Stitch Length of Open End Spun Cotton Yarn on Properties of Rib Knitted Fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 57, 73-81, 1987.
• 19. Smirfitt, J.A., Worsted 1×1 Rib Fabrics, Part I. Dimensional Properties, Journal of the Textile Institute, 56,T248-T259, 1965.
• 20. Smirfitt, J.A., Worsted 1×1 Rib Fabrics, Part II. Some Physical Properties, Journal of the Textile Institute, 56,T298-T313, 1965.
• 21. Poole, H.B., Brown, P., The Dimensions of 1×1 Rib Fabrics, Part I: Literature Survey, Textile Research Journal, 48, 339-343, 1978.
• 22. Poole, H.B., Brown, P., The Dimensions of 1×1 Rib Fabrics, Part II: Blend and Treatment Interaction, Textile Research Journal, 48, 371-375 1978.
• 23. Postle, R., The structure of Rib Knitted Fabrics: Curvature Across the Ribs, Journal of the Textile Institute, 58, T657-T660, 1967.
• 24. Ramkumar, S.S., Leaf, G.A.V., Harlock, S.C., A Study of the Frictional properties of 1×1 Rib Knitted Cotton Fabrics, Journal of the Textile Institute, 91, 374-382, 2000.
• 25. Rees, W.H., The Transmission of Heat Through Textile Fabrics, Journal of the Textile Institute, 32, T149-T165, 1941.
• 26. Wolfaardt, C., Knapton, J.J.F., Dimensional Properties of the all-Wool 1×1 Rib Structure, Journal of the Textile Institute, 62, 561-583, 1971.
• 27. Woo, S.S., Shalev, I., Barker, R.L., Heat and Moisture Transfer Through Nonwoven Fabrics, Part I: Heat Transfer, Textile Research Journal 64, 149-162, 1994.