Community based adaptation options for climate change impacts on water resources: The case of Jordan

• Autorzy: Hammouri N. , Al-Qinna M. , Salahat M. , Adamowski J. , Prasher S. O.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/jwld-2015-0013

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ zmian klimatu na zasoby wodne – społeczne możliwości przystosowania na przykładzie Jordanii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A strategic vision to ensure an adequate, safe and secure drinking water supply presents a challenge, particularly for such a small country as Jordan, faced with a critical supply-demand imbalance and a high risk of water quality deterioration. In order to provide sustainable and equitable long-term water management plans for the future, current and future demands, along with available adaptation options should be assessed through community engagement. An analysis of available water resources, existing demands and use per sector served to assess the nation’s historic water status. Taking into account the effect of both population growth and rainfall reduction, future per sector demands were predicted by linear temporal trend analysis. Water sector vulnerability and adaptation options were assessed by engaging thirty five stakeholders. A set of weighed-criterions were selected, adopted, modified, and then framed into comprehensive guidelines. A quantitative ratio-level approach was used to quantify the magnitude and likelihood of risks and opportunities associated with each proposed adaptation measure using the level of effectiveness and severity status. Prioritization indicated that public awareness and training programs were the most feasible and effective adaptation measures, while building new infrastructure was of low priority. Associated barriers were related to a lack of financial resources, institutional arrangements, and data collection, sharing, availability, consistency and transparency, as well as willingness to adapt. Independent community-based watershed-vulnerability analyses to address water integrity at watershed scale are recommended.

PL

Zapewnienie zasobów wody pitnej dobrej jakości i odpowiedniej ilości stanowi wyzwanie, szczególnie dla państw rozwijających się, np. Jordanii, które doświadczają skrajnie niezrównoważonego popytu i podaży oraz narażone są na ryzyko pogorszenia jakości wody. Obecny i przyszły popyt oraz możliwości adaptacyjne gospodarki wodnej powinno się oceniać na podstawie planów uwzgledniających sprawiedliwy rozrząd wody i analizę istniejących zasobów. Znajomość dostępnych zasobów wodnych, istniejącego zapotrzebowania i zużycia wody w poszczególnych sektorach posłużyły do oceny stanu gospodarki wodnej w Jordanii. Uwzględniając wpływ zarówno wzrostu populacji, jak i zmniejszenia wielkości opadów, przewidziano przyszłe zapotrzebowanie poszczególnych sektorów na wodę, stosując analizę liniowych trendów czasowych. Wrażliwość sektora wodnego i opcje adaptacyjne oceniono, biorąc pod uwagę 35 użytkowników wody. Wybrano, przyjęto i zmodyfikowano zestaw kryteriów ważonych i następnie ujęto je w formę całościowych wytycznych. Do oceny wielkości i prawdopodobieństwa ryzyka oraz korzyści związanych z każdym z proponowanych środków adaptacyjnych zastosowano proporcjonalne podejście ilościowe uwzględniając poziom wydajności i wagę danej sytuacji. Na podstawie rankingu priorytetów stwierdzono, że kształtowanie świadomości społecznej i programy szkoleniowe były środkami najbardziej skutecznymi i najłatwiejszymi do zastosowania. Budowa nowej infrastruktury miała niski priorytet. Brak środków finansowych, założenia instytucjonalne, zbieranie, wymiana, dostępność, zwartość i przejrzystość informacji oraz skłonność do adaptacji stanowiły barierę w tych działaniach. Zaleca się niezależne społecznościowe analizy wrażliwości zlewni, by zwrócić uwagę na znaczenie wody dla wszystkich działów gospodarki w skali całej zlewni.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

adaptation; climate change; Jordan; water resources

PL

adaptacja; Jordania; zasoby wodne; zmiany klimatu

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: no. 26
• Strony: 3--17
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 60 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Hammouri N.

• Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

autor

Al-Qinna M.

• Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

autor

Salahat M.

• Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan

autor

Adamowski J.

• McGill University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9

autor

Prasher S. O.

• McGill University, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Department of Bioresource Engineering, Quebec, Canada, H9X 3V9

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