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The Impact of Occupational Load Carriage on Carrier Mobility: A Critical Review of the Literature

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Military personnel and firefighters are required to carry occupational loads and complete tasks in hostile and unpredictable environments where a lack of mobility may risk lives. This review critically examines the literature investigating the impacts of load carriage on the mobility of these specialist personnel. Several literature databases, reference lists, and subject matter experts were employed to identify relevant studies. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were critiqued using the Downs and Black protocol. Inter-rater agreement was determined by Cohen’s κ. Twelve original research studies, which included male and female participants from military and firefighting occupations, were critiqued (κ = .81). A review of these papers found that as the carried load weight increased, carrier mobility during aerobic tasks (like road marching) and anaerobic tasks (like obstacle course negotiation) decreased. As such, it can be concluded that the load carried by some specialist personnel may increase their occupational risk by reducing their mobility.
Rocznik
Strony
33--41
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
autor
  • Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
Bibliografia
  • 1.Orr R, Pope R, Johnston V, Coyle J. Load carriage and its force impact. Australian Defence Force Journal. 2011;(185):52–63. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.adfjournal.adc.edu.au/UserFiles/issues/185%202011%20Jul_Aug.pdf.
  • 2.Park K, Rosengren KS, Horn GP, Smith DL, Hsaio-Wecksler ET. Assessing gait changes in firefighters due to fatigue and protective clothing. Saf Sci. 2011;49(5):719–26.
  • 3.Danaher K. SWAT teams takes on fire and smoke. Police: The Law Enforcement Magazine. 2001;25(12):4. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.policemag.com/channel/swat/articles/2001/12/swat-takes-on-fire-smoke.aspx.
  • 4.Knapik JJ, Sharp MA, Darakjy S, Jones SB, Hauret KG, Jones BH. Temporal changes in the physical fitness of US Army recruits. Sports Med. 2006;36(7):613–4.
  • 5.Knapik JJ, Reynolds KL, Harman E. Soldier load carriage: historical, physiological, biomechanical, and medical aspects. Mil Med. 2004;169(1):45–56.
  • 6.Orr RM. The history of the soldier’s load. Australian Army Journal. 2010;VII(2):67–88. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.army.gov.au/Our-future/DARA/Our-publications/Australian-Army-Journal/~/media/Files/Our%20future/DARA%20Publications/AAJ/2010Winter/AAJ_Vol7_No2_Winter2010.ashx.
  • 7.Beekley MD, Alt J, Buckley CM, Duffey M, Crowder TA. Effects of heavy load carriage during constant-speed, simulated, road marching. Mil Med. 2007;172(6):592–5.
  • 8.Knapik JJ, Harman EA, Steelman RA, Graham BS. A systematic review of the effects of physical training on load carriage performance. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26(2):585–97.
  • 9.Task Force Devil Combined Arms Assessment Team. The modern warrior’s combat load. Dismounted operations in Afghanistan. April–May 2003. U.S. Army Centre for Army Lessons Learned.Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://thedonovan.com/archives/modernwarriorload/ModernWarriorsCombatLoadReport.pdf.
  • 10.Son SY, Lee JY, Tochihara Y. Occupational stress and strain in relation to personal protective equipment of Japanese firefighters assessed by a questionnaire. Ind Health. 2013;51(2):214–22.
  • 11.Frykman PN, Harman EA, Pandorf CE. Correlates of obstacle course performance among female soldiers carrying two different loads. In: Soldier mobility: innovations in load carriage system design and evaluation (Report ADA394945). 2001. p. 9-1–9. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/p010994.pdf.
  • 12.Lothian NV. The load carried by the soldier. J R Army Med Corps. 1921;37:241–63, 342–51, 448–58.
  • 13.Lothian NV. The load carried by the soldier. J R Army Med Corps. 1922;38:9–24.
  • 14.Breen B. Mission accomplished, East Timor. Crow’s Nest, NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin; 2001.
  • 15.Bernton H. Weight of war: military struggles to lighten soldiers’ load. The Seattle Times. 2011 Feb 13:Sect. A:1. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://seattletimes.com/html/localnews/2014217586_weightofwar14.html.
  • 16.Marshall SLA. The soldier’s load and the mobility of a nation. Quantico, VA, USA: The Marine Corps Association; 1980.
  • 17.Ruby BC, Leadbetter GW 3rd, Armstrong DW, Gaskill SE. Wildland firefighter load carriage: effects on transit time and physiological responses during simulated escape to safety zone. International Journal of Wildland Fires. 2003;12(1):111–6.
  • 18.Beards S, Woods W, Stubbs D, David G. Problems associated with police equipment carriage with body armour, including driving. In: Bust PD, editor. Contemporary ergonomics. London, UK: Taylor & Francis; 2008. p. 23–8.
  • 19.Spellman FR, Bieber RM. Physical hazard control: preventing injuries in the workplace. Plymouth, UK: Government Institutes; 2011.
  • 20.Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomised and non-randomised studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1998;52(6):377–84. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://jech.bmj.com/content/52/6/377.long.
  • 21.Viera AJ, Garrett JM. Understanding interobserver agreement: the kappa statistic. Fam Med. 2005;37(5):360–3.
  • 22.DeMaio M, Onate J, Swain D, Morrison S, Ringleb S, Naiak D. Physical performance decrements in military personnel wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). In: Human performance enhancement for NATO military operations (science, technology and ethics) (RTO-MPHFM-181). 2009. p. P2-1–6. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: https://www.cso.nato.int/pubs/rdp.asp?RDP=RTO-MPHFM-181.
  • 23.Harper WH, Knapik JJ, de Pontbriand R. Equipment compatibility and performance of men and women during heavy load carriage. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting. 1997;41(1):604–8.
  • 24.Treloar AK, Billing DC. Effect of load carriage on performance of an explosive, anaerobic military task. Mil Med. 2011;176(9):1027–31.
  • 25.Knapik JJ, Ang P, Meiselman H, Johnson W, Kirk J, Bensel C, et al. Soldier performance and strenuous road marching: influence of load mass and load distribution. Mil Med. 1997;162(1):62–7.
  • 26.Knapik J, Staab J, Bahrke M, Reynolds K, Vogel J, O’Connor J. Soldier performance and mood states following a strenuous road march. Mil Med. 1991;156(4):197–200.
  • 27.Hasselquist L, Bensel CK, Corner B, Gregorczyk KN, Schiffman JM. Understanding the physiological, biomechanical, and performance effects of body armor use. In: Proceedings of the Army Science Conference (26th). 2008. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a504354.pdf.
  • 28.Johnson RF, Knapik JJ, Merullo DJ. Symptoms during load carrying: effects of mass and load distribution during a 20-km road march. Percept Mot Skills. 1995;81(1):331–8.
  • 29.Knapik J, Johnson R, Ang P, Meiselman H, Bensel C, Johnson W, et al. Road march performance of special operations soldiers carrying various loads and load distributions (Technical report X-93). Natick, MA, USA: U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine; 1993. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a269198.pdf.
  • 30.Park K, Hur P, Rosengren KS, Horn GP, Hsiao-Wecksler ET. Effect of load carriage on gait due to firefighting air bottle configuration. Ergonomics. 2010;53(7):882–91.
  • 31.Pandorf CE, Harman EA, Frykman PN, Patton JF, Mello RP, Nindl BC. Correlates of load carriage and obstacle course performance among women. Work. 2002;18(2):179–89.
  • 32.Ricciardi R, Deuster PA, Talbot LA. Metabolic demands of body armor on physical performance in simulated conditions. Mil Med. 2008;173(9):817–24.
  • 33.Mayville WC. A soldier’s load. Infantry. 1987;77(1): 25–8. Retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.benning.army.mil/infantry/magazine/issues/1987/JAN-FEB/pdfs/JAN-FEB1987.pdf.
  • 34.Park K, Hur P, Rosengren KS, Horn GP, Hsiao-Wecksler ET. Changes in kinetic and kinematic gait parameters due to firefighting air bottle configuration. In: North American Congress on Biomechanics (NACOB). 2008. Abstract retrieved December 4, 2013, from: http://www.asbweb.org/conferences/2008/abstracts/579.pdf.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-71787484-ad36-4f7d-a5a8-f1ee92992a31
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