Performance of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Differential Detection in Strong Multipath Propagation Conditions

• Autorzy: Schmidt Jan H. , Kochańska Iwona , Schmidt Aleksander M.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/aoa.2024.148771

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The underwater acoustic communication (UAC) operating in very shallow-water should ensure reliable transmission in conditions of strong multipath propagation, significantly disturbing the received signal. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which consists in binary phase shift keying (BPSK) according to a pseudo-random spreading sequence. This paper describes the DSSS data transmission tests in the simulation and experimental environment, using different types of pseudo-noise sequences: m-sequences and Kasami codes of the order 6 and 8. The transmitted signals are of different bandwidth and the detection at the receiver side was performed using two detection methods: non-differential and differential. The performed experiments allowed to draw important conclusions for the designing of a physical layer of the shallow-water UAC system. Both, m-sequences and Kasami codes allow to achieve a similar bit error rate, which at best was less than 10−3. At the same time, the 6th order sequences are not long enough to achieve an acceptable BER under strong multipath conditions. In the case of transmission of wideband signals the differential detection algorithm allows to achieve a significantly better BER (less than 10−2) than nondifferential one (BER not less than 10−1). In the case of narrowband signals the simulation tests have shown that the non-differential algorithm gives a better BER, but experimental tests under conditions of strong multipath propagation did not confirm it. The differential algorithm allowed to achieve a BER less than 10−2 in experimental tests, while the second algorithm allowed to obtain, at best, a BER less than 10−1. In addition, two indicators have been proposed for a rough assessment which of the detection algorithms under current propagation conditions in the channel will allow to obtain a better BER.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

direct sequence spread spectrum; DSSS; m-sequences; Kasami codes; shallow-water channel; multipath propagation; underwater acoustic communications; UAC

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Komitet Akustyki PAN ; Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 49, nr 1
• Strony: 129--140
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Schmidt Jan H.

• Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Signals and Systems Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland

autor

Kochańska Iwona

• Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Signals and Systems Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8401-3930

autor

Schmidt Aleksander M.

• Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunication and Informatics, Department of Signals and Systems Gdańsk University of Technology Gdańsk, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Freitag L., Stojanovic M. (2004), MMSE acquisition of DSSS acoustic communications signals, [in:] Oceans ‘04 MTS/IEEE Techno-Ocean ’04, pp. 14-19, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.2004.1402888.
• 2. Freitag L., Stojanovic M., Singh S., Johnson M. (2001), Analysis of channel effects on direct-sequence and frequency-hopped spread-spectrum acoustic communication, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 26: 586-593, doi: 10.1109/48.972098.
• 3. Kochańska I. (2021), A new direct-sequence spread spectrum signal detection method for underwater acoustic communications in shallow-water channel, Vibrations in Physical Systems, 32(1): 2021106, doi: 10.21008/j.0860-6897.2021.1.06.
• 4. Kochanska I., Salamon R., Schmidt J., Schmidt A. (2021), Study of the performance of DSSS UAC system depending on the system bandwidth and the spreading sequence, Sensors, 21: 2484, doi: 10.3390/s21072484.
• 5. Mironov A.S., Burdinskiy I.N., Karabanov I.V. (2018), The method of defining the threshold value of the symbolic correlation function for detecting DSSS hydroacoustic signal, 2018 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon), pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/FarEastCon.2018.8602588.
• 6. Pelekanakis K., Cazzanti L. (2018), On adaptive modulation for low SNR underwater acoustic communications, OCEANS 2018 MTS/IEEE, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.2018.8604521.
• 7. Qu F., Qin X., Yang L., Yang T.C., (2018), Spread-spectrum method using multiple sequences for underwater acoustic communications, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 43(4): 1215-1226, doi: 10.1109/JOE.2017.2750298.
• 8. Ra H.-I., An J.-H., Yoon C.-H., Kim K.-M. (2021), Superimposed DSSS transmission based on cyclic shift keying in underwater acoustic communication, OCEANS 2021 MTS/IEEE, pp. 1-4, doi: 10.23919/OCEANS44145.2021.9706130.
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• 10. Schmidt J.H. (2016), The development of an underwater telephone for digital communication purposes, Hydroacoustics, 19: 341-352.
• 11. Schmidt J.H. (2020), Using fast frequency hopping technique to improve reliability of underwater communication system, Applied Sciences, 10(3): 1172, doi: 10.3390/app10031172.
• 12. Schmidt J.H., Schmidt A.M. (2023) Wake-up receiver for underwater acoustic communication using in shallow water, Sensors, 23(4): 2088, doi: 10.3390/s23042088.
• 13. Sozer E.M., Proakis J.G., Stojanovic R., Rice J.A., Benson A., Hatch M. (1999), Direct sequence spread spectrum based modem for underwater acoustic communication and channel measurements, Oceans ’99. MTS/IEEE. Riding the Crest into the 21st Century. Conference and Exhibition. Conference Proceedings, pp. 228-233, doi: 10.1109/OCEANS.1999.799743.
• 14. van Walree P. (2011), Channel sounding for acoustic communications: Techniques and shallow-water examples, FFI-Rapport 2011/00007, Forsvarets Forskningsinstitutt.
• 15. Zepernick H.J., Finger A. (2005), Pseudo Random Signal Processing: Theory and Application, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).