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Strength enhancement of timber beams using steel plates – review and experimental tests

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
This paper reviews selected historical and modern methods of strengthening timber structures using steel plates. The results of experimental testing are also presented, emphasizing that the differences in the results obtained were a result of the application of different strengthening methods, test specimens, etc. The need to develop design guidelines related to reinforcement methods is also emphasized. Appropriate reinforcement depends on the application, arrangement and ratio of the reinforcement. The increase in the load-bearing capacity of the beams reinforced by bonded or glued-in plates in comparison to the unreinforced elements was found to be similar to the models reinforced with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP). The increase in stiffness was, however, higher than in the case of the FRP reinforcement. Due to the influence of temperature and humidity on the strength and deformation of the bonding if glued-in or bonded plates are used, additional strengthening of the connection using a mechanical connector is recommended. These connectors also protect against rapid destruction in the case of fire.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
75--80
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
  • Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
autor
  • Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
autor
  • Bud-Logistik, Mierzyn, Poland
autor
  • Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Alam P., Ansell M. [2012]: The effects of varying nailing density upon the flexural properties of flitch beams. Journal of Civil Engineering Research 2 [1]: 7-13
  • Alam P., Ansell M.P., Smedley D. [2009]: Mechanical repair of timber beams fractured in flexure using bonded-in reinforcements. Composites Part B: Engineering 40 [2]: 95-106
  • Arriaga F., Iñiguez-Gonzalez G., Esteban M., Fernandez-Cabo J. [2013]: Simplified model for strength assessment of timber beams joined by bonded plates. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 25 [8]: 980-990
  • Avent R.R. [1986]: Design criteria for epoxy repair of timber structures. Journal of Structural Engineering 112 [2]: 222-240
  • Bathon L., Bletz-Mühldorfer O., Schmidt J., Diehl F. [2014]: Fatigue design of adhesive connections using perforated steel plates. Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering 2014, WCTE 2014, Quebec City, 10-14 August 2014, paper no. 163
  • Bertolini M.S., Macedo L.B., Almeida D.H., Icimoto F.H., Lahr F.A.R. [2013]: Restoration of structural timber elements using epoxy resin: analysis of mechanical properties. Advanced Materials Research 778: 582-587
  • Borgin K.B., Loedolff G.F., Saunders G.R. [1968]: Laminated wood beams reinforced with steel strips. Journal of Structural Division 94 [7]: 1681-1705
  • Borri A., Corradi M. [2011]: Strengthening of timber beams with high strength steel cords. Composites Part B: Engineering 42 [6]: 1480-1491
  • Borri A., Corradi M., Grazini A. [2005]: A method for flexural reinforcement of old wooden beams with CFRP materials. Composites Part B: Engineering 36 [2]:143-153
  • Cavalli A., Malavolti M., Morosini A., Salvini A., Togni M. [2014]: Mechanical performance of full scale steel-timber epoxy joints after exposure to extreme environmental conditions. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 54: 86-92
  • Coleman G.E., Hust T.H. [1974]: Timber structures reinforced with light gage steel. Forest Products Journal 24 [7]: 45-53
  • Cruz H., Custódio J. [2010]: Adhesives for on-site rehabilitation of timber structures. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 24 [8-10]: 1473–1499
  • Custódio J., Broughton J., Cruz H. [2011]: Rehabilitation of timber structures - Preparation and environmental service condition effects on the bulk performance of epoxy adhesives. Construction and Building Materials 25 [8]: 3570-3582
  • di Alaimo G., Failla A., Accurso F., Tesè F. [2010]: The durability of composite wood-steel systems. Proceedings of the 18th CIB World Building Congress, May 2010, Salford, United Kingdom: 198-209
  • Ganowicz R., Latusek D. [1978]: Wstępne sprężanie konstrukcji drewnianych (The prestressing of timber structures). Proceedings of the Symposium: Badania nad zastosowaniem drewna i materiałów drewnopochodnych we współczesnych konstrukcjach budowlanych (Research on the use of wood and wood products in modern building structures), June 1978, Szczecin: 281-291 [in Polish]
  • Hairstans R., Kermani A., Lawson A. [2004]: Shot fired dowel & adhesively bonded flitch beams. Proceedings of the COST E29 Symposium, 27-29 October 2004, Florence, Italy: 21-29
  • Hoath J. [2006]: Repairing historic roof timbers. Historic Churches 13: 25-27
  • Hoyle R.J. [1975]: Steel – reinforced wood beam design. Forest Products Journal 25 [4]: 17-23
  • Ishiyama H., Nakajima M., Mori T., Noda Y., Tsuchimoto T. [2014]: Exposure test of surface-treated steel plates on preservative-treated woods. Proceedings of the World Conference on Timber Engineering 2014, WCTE 2014, Quebec City, 10-14 August 2014, paper no. 526
  • Jankowski L.J., Jasieńko J., Nowak T.P. [2010]: Experimental assessment of CFRP reinforced wooden beams by 4-point bending tests and photoelastic coating technique. Materials and Structures 43 [1-2]: 141-150
  • Jasieńko J. [2001]: Glue joints used for reinforcing the damaged ends of wooden beams. Structural Engineering International 11 [4]: 246-250
  • Jasieńko J. [2003]: Połączenia klejowe i inżynierskie w naprawie, konserwacji i wzmacnianiu zabytkowych konstrukcji drewnianych (Glued and engineering joints in repair, conservation and reinforcement of historical timber structures). Dolnośląskie Wydawnictwo Edukacyjne, Wrocław [in Polish]
  • Jasieńko J., Nowak T.P. [2014]: Solid timber beams strengthened with steel plates - experimental studies. Construction and Building Materials 63: 81-88
  • Kevarinmäki A. [1992]: Strength of Finnish softwoods in compression perpendicular to grain and reinforcement of support areas with nail plates. Rakenteiden Mekaniikka 25 [1]: 36-52
  • Kliger R., Al-Emrani M., Johansson M., Crocetti R. [2007]: Strengthening glulam beams with steel and composite plates. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific conference on FRP in structures, Hong Kong, China, 12-14 December 2007: 291-296
  • Krzosek S., Grześkiewicz M., Bacher M. [2008]: Mechanical properties of Polish-grown Pinus silvestris L. structural sawn timber. Proceedings of the COST E53 Conference 29-30 October 2008, Delft, The Netherlands: 253-260
  • Leijten A.J.M. [1987]: Balkkop restauratie met ingelijmde staalplaten (Beam head restoration with glued steel plates). Rapport 25-87-8/5-LV-6, TU Delft, Netherlands [in Dutch]
  • Metelli G., Giuriani E., Marchina E. [2013]: The repair of timber beams with controlled-debonding steel plates. Advanced Materials Research 778: 587-595
  • Metelli G., Preti M., Giuriani E. [2016]: On the delamination phenomenon in the repair of timber beams with steel plates. Construction and Building Materials 102: 1018-1028
  • Misztal S., Socha T. [1996]: Odkształcenia pełzania zginanych elementów drewnianych wzmocnionych przyklejonymi wkładkami metalowymi (Creep deformations of bent timber members strengthened with bonded steel plates). Proceedings of the International Scientific Symposium: Drewno i materiały drewnopochodne w konstrukcjach budowlanych (Wood and wood products in timber structures), Szczecin-Międzyzdroje, 5-6 September: 219-226 [in Polish]
  • Nowak T.P., Jankowski L.J., Jasieńko J. [2010] Application of photoelastic coating technique in tests of solid wooden beams reinforced with CFRP strips. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 10 [2]: 53-66
  • Nowak T.P., Jasieńko J., Czepiżak D. [2013]: Experimental tests and numerical analysis of historic bent timber elements reinforced with CFRP strips. Construction and Building Materials 40: 197-206
  • Peterson J. [1965]: Wood beams pre-stressed with bonded tension elements. Journal of Structural Division 91 [1]: 103-119
  • Raftery G., Kelly F. [2015]: Basalt FRP rods for reinforcement and repair of timber. Composites Part B: Engineering 70: 9-19
  • Raftery G., Whelan C. [2014]: Low-grade glued laminated timber beams reinforced using improved arrangements of bonded-in GFRP rods. Construction and Building Materials 52: 209-220
  • Silker A. [1962]: Reinforced wood laminated beams. Forest Products Journal 12 [1]: 91-96
  • Stern E.G., Kumar V.K. [1973]: Flitch beams. Forest Products Journal 23 [5]: 40-47
  • Swamy R.N., Jones R., Bloxham J.W. [1987]: Structural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by epoxy bonded steel plates. The Structural Engineer 65 [2]: 59-68
  • Yang X., Gong M., Chui Y.H. [2015]: End reinforcement of wood member using short-cut carbon fibers. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 73: 159-165
  • List of standards
  • PN-EN 1995-1-1:2010. Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures – Part 1-1: General – common rules and rules for buildings [in Polish]
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-70cd9a9f-6136-4b7f-9379-a05949eaa5ee
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