Comparison between direct and indirect measurement methods for bulge tests

• Autorzy: Marinho E. , Silva-Jr A. , Batalha G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: To reinforce the standardization of the bulge test measuring procedures by comparison of two different bulge forming measurement methods. Design/methodology/approach: Two different bulge forming measurement methods are used simultaneously in order to reinforce the standardization of the bulge test measuring procedures. An indirect method, Digital Image Correlation (DIC), is compared with a direct one, ultrasound pulse-echo method. Findings: The main conclusion is that the DIC system is a valid indirect measurement method to study bi-axial sheet metal forming. Research limitations/implications: The constant pressure bulge test method was used and it yielded positive results for comparing the direct and indirect method (considering thickness measurement of the bulge dome), as an important research implication is that the touch less measurement method could be applied to other sheet metal forming processes. Practical implications: Tension tests are used as a standard accepted procedure to determine material parameter values for characterizing the forming sheet behaviour. However, by using a tension test, only a limited strain range can be considered for determining the true stress – true strain curve. Based on this limitation, the bulge test is used to achieve a much larger strain range under bi-axial loading conditions. Originality/value: An indirect method, Digital Image Correlation (DIC), is compared with a direct one, ultrasound pulse-echo method, in situ, real time and on the same specimen.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

digital image correlation; ultrasound; bulging test; instrumentation; sheet metal forming

PL

korelacja obrazu cyfrowego; ultradźwięki; próba rozpęczania; oprzyrządowanie; kształtowanie blach

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 61, nr 2
• Strony: 77--86
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 19 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Marinho E.

• Laboratory of Manufacturing Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Brazi

autor

Silva-Jr A.

• Laboratory of Manufacturing Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Brazi

autor

Batalha G.

• Laboratory of Manufacturing Engineering, Polytechnic School of Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Brazi

Bibliografia

• [1] Y. Chen, K. Kibble, R. Hall, X. Huang, Numerical analysis of superplastic blow forming of Ti-6Al-4V alloys, Materials and Design 22 (2001) 679-685.
• [2] V. Gagov, N. Feschiev, D.S. Comsa, E. Minev, Strain hardening evaluation by bulge testing of sheet metals, Proceedings of the 12th International Scientific Conference on “Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering”, Gliwice, 2003.
• [3] P. Guanabara Jr., L.O. BUENO, Assessing the superplastic behaviour of a Fe-Mn-Al austenitic stainless steel. Proceedings of the 61th Annual Congress ABM, Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais, 2006, 2654-2663.
• [4] B. Tomov, V. Gagov, E. Yankov, R. Radev, Research highligths of sheet metal testing by hydraulic bulging, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 46/1 (2011) 65-70.
• [5] J. Cheng, The determination of material parameters from superplas-tic inflation test, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 58 (1996) 233-246.
• [6] P. Guanabara Jr., G.F. Batalha, Conformação superplástica e otimização dos parâmetros do material - uma breve revisão. In: 64º Anual Congress ABM, Associação Brasileira de Metalurgia e Materiais-ABM, 2009, 1.
• [7] Y. Aoura, Contribution a la modélisation du comportement super-plástique des alliages métalliques pour les procédés de mise em forme, Tesis presented at École Nationale Supérieure d’Arts et Métiers, 2004.
• [8] B. Baudelet, J. Lian, A composite model for superplasticity, Journal of Materials Science 30 (1995) 1977-1987.
• [9] G.L. Damoulis, G.F. Batalha, New trends in sheet metal forming analysis and optimization trough the use of optical meas-urement technology to control springback, International Journal of Material Forming 3 (2010) 29-39.
• [10] K.A. Fowler, G.M. Elfbaum, K.A. Smith, T.J. Nelligan, Theory and application of precision ultrasonic thickness gauging, Insight 38 (1996) 582 -592.
• [11] E.P. Marinho, A. Sakata, E.F. Prados, G.F. Batalha, Instrumentation and Control of a Bulge Test on a Superplastic Pb-Sn Alloy, Trans Tech Publications, Materials Science Forum 735 (2013) 224-231.
• [12] S. Tománek, V. Kafka, Non-contact Deformation Measurement by ARAMIS Photogrammetry System, Aerospace Proceedings, Prague, 1 (2006) 13-17.
• [13] GOM mbH. ARAMIS user Manual - Software, ARAMIS 6.1 and higher, Braunschweig, Germany, 2009.
• [14] B. Stier, S. Reese, Verification of an optical metrology system (ARAMIS) by comparing experimental data with FE calculations and continuum approaches, Proceedings in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 11 (2011) 289-290.
• [15] G. Giuliano, Thickness and strain rate at the sheet dome apex in superplastic bulge forming tests, Proceedings of the 12th International Esaform Conference on Material Forming, Italy, 2009.
• [16] M.A. Sutton, J.J. Orteu, H.W. Schreier, Image correlation for shape, motion and deformation measurements, Springer Publishing Company, 2009.
• [17] M. Vulcan, Der pneumatische tiefungsversuch und seine anwendug in der superplastischen aluminium-blechumformung, Doctor of Engineering Thesis, University of Stuttgart, Germany, 2006, 108.
• [18] S. Dejardin, J.C. Gelin, S. Thibaud, On-line thickness measurement in incremental sheet forming process, Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Metal Forming, Toyohashi 19-22, 2010, 938-941.
• [19] G.F. Batalha, M. Stipkovic, C.E.V. Salazar, Analysis of the contact conditions and its influence on the interface friction in forming process, Proceedings of the International Conference on Metal Forming, Balkema, Rotterdam, 2000.