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Selected aspects of steam co-gasification of coal and biomass
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Abstrakty
Technologie zgazowania paliw kopalnych są technologiami dojrzałymi, oferującymi możliwości produkcji gazu o szerokim zakresie zastosowań w przemyśle chemicznym, petrochemicznym i do celów produkcji energii. Adaptacja istniejących rozwiązań reaktorów zgazowania do użytkowania odnawialnych źródeł energii lub odpadów, takich jak na przykład biomasa odpadowa, napotyka szereg trudności eksploatacyjnych związanych z różnicami w składzie chemicznym paliw, a co za tym idzie również produktów procesu. Problematyczne jest też zapewnienie odpowiedniej efektywności ekonomicznej systemów zgazowania biomasy, z uwagi na trudności z zapewnieniem ciągłości wystarczająco dużych dostaw biomasy oraz jej niską wartość opałową w porównaniu z paliwami kopalnymi. Proces współzgazowania węgla i biomasy oferuje kilka ważnych korzyści w porównaniu z procesem zgazowania tych paliw oddzielnie. Umożliwia prowadzenie procesu z większą wydajnością i efektywnością ekonomiczną, z zapewnieniem ciągłych dostaw paliwa i z korzyściami płynącymi z użytkowania paliwa, traktowanego w bilansie emisji dwutlenku węgla instalacji jako zero-emisyjne. Dzięki uśrednieniu składu paliwa mniejsze są również problemy eksploatacyjne typowe dla systemów zgazowania biomasy, a związane z jej składem chemicznym. Ukierunkowanie procesu współzgazowania na produkcję gazu bogatego w wodór oferuje dodatkowe korzyści wynikające z produkcji zero-emisyjnego nośnika energii. Wnioski z przeprowadzonych dotychczas badań w skali laboratoryjnej i pilotowej w zakresie zgazowania mieszanek wsadowych węgla i biomasy są niejednoznaczne, co wynika z dużego zróżnicowania warunków prowadzenia procesu współzgazowania, w tym rodzajów stosowanych paliw, typów reaktorów i wartości parametrów eksploatacyjnych. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki wybranych prac badawczych stanowiących przyczynek do rozpoznania zjawisk zachodzących w procesie współzgazowania węgla i biomasy roślinnej parą wodną. Ocenia się, że szerokie wdrożenie technologii współzgazowania wymaga prowadzenia dalszych prac badawczych, między innymi w zakresie przygotowania wsadu, optymalizacji parametrów eksploatacyjnych procesu współzgazowania oraz oczyszczania produktu gazowego.
The technologies of gasification of solid fuels are mature and enable production of gas of wide implementation range in chemical, petrochemical and power production sectors. The adaptation of the existing gasifiers to utilization of renewables and waste materials, including waste biomass, faces, however, several operating challenges resulting from the differences in the chemical composition of fuels and in the process products. Reaching the satisfactory economic efficiency of biomass gasification systems is also problematic because of the limited possibilities in securing the sufficient supplies of biomass and its relatively low calorific value when compared to fossil fuels. The co-gasification of coal and biomass brings several key advantages over the gasification of coal and biomass separately. The process is more efficient and cost-effective, with stable supplies of a fuel and benefits resulting from utilization of a zero-emission fuel. The averaged composition of a fuel blends reduces the operating problems typical of biomass gasification systems and related to biomass chemical composition. Directing the co-gasification process to hydrogen-rich gas production offers additional benefits resulting from the utilization of the zero-emission energy carrier. The conclusions of the research studies on coal and biomass co-gasification in laboratory and pilot scale published so far are ambiguous since the operating conditions, including kind of a fuel blend, type of a gasifier and values of operating parameters differ significantly. In the paper the results of selected research studies contributing to the recognition of the steam co-gasification of coal and biomass are presented. Further studies in terms of a fuel pretreatment, the optimization of the operating parameters and a raw gas treatment are required before a wide implementation of co-gasification process is feasible.
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Rocznik
Tom
Strony
139--144
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 57 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Główny Instytut Górnictwa, Zakład Oszczędności Energii i Ochrony Powietrza, Katowice
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Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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