FARC-Hezbollah: The success of Venezuela-Iran proxy groups and their convergence in the Americas

• Autorzy: Guarin P. Jeferson

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.35467/sdq/130934

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Persistence and adaptation are the main characteristics that have allowed FARC and Hezbollah to become perhaps the most successful proxy groups in recent years. Both Iran and Venezuela have sponsored the military, political and criminal actions of these alleged insurgent organisations. The main objective of this research was to identify and conceptualise the mitotic evolution of FARC and Hezbollah from purely armed organisms into consolidated political organisations in Colombia and Lebanon, and how this evolution has presented a criminal convergence in Venezuela based on drug trafficking and money laundering. This article is based on a comparative case-study of published research papers, documents, and official statements of FARC and Hezbollah, by applying a rational perspective that allows their performance to be deduced. The research results showed a constant mutation of these hybrid threats. Thus, not only was the political and military success of these organisations established but also the strategic support of a criminal dimension which converged in Venezuela, where the FARC drug trafficking and Hezbollah money laundering were amalgamated. Consequently, the investigation exposes the possible consequences of the FARC-Hezbollah criminal convergence in the Americas and its destabilising effects in the next decade.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

cocaine traffic; money laundering; TOC; mitosis; revolution; destabilisation

• Wydawca: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej
• Czasopismo: Security and Defence Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: Vol. 31, No. 4
• Strony: 117--134
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Guarin P. Jeferson

• Alumni, George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, Gernackerstrasse 2, 82467, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany

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Uwagi

„Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).”