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The paper presents the computational studies on the microstructure of WC-Co-Cr coatings deposited by High Velocity Oxy Fuel spraying (HVOF). The study covers the porosity assessment according to ASTM E2109-01 standard, carried out in ImageJ software, in terms of volume porosity, size and shape of the pores. The evaluation was preceded by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations at magnifications of 2000x and 5000x. Additionally, topography analysis has been performed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM), and the surface roughness Ra was evaluated by the contact method with use of a stylus profilometer. Finally, the influence of porosity was observed for coatings microhardness HV0.3. According to the results, the total closed porosity was found to be in the range of 5.01 vol.% and 5.38 vol.%. The dominated pores in the coatings were of size 0.1-1.0 μm. Studies showed that HVOF process enabled deposition of dense coatings, characterized by homogenous distribution of pores and low roughness.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
99--111
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz., il., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
autor
- Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
autor
- Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
autor
- Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Bibliografia
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- 5. Houdkova S., Blahova O., Zahalka F., Kasparova M.: The instrumented indentation study of HVOF sprayed hardmetal coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 21(1) (2012) 77-85.
- 6. Żórawski W.: Properties of plasma and HVOF sprayed Coatings, Tribologia 6 (2010) 319-327.
- 7. Wang Y., Zhang W., Chen D., Liu X., Hu W.: High temperature friction and wear performance of TiB2-50Ni composite coating sprayed by HVOF technique, Surface and Coatings Technology 407 (2021) 126766.
- 8. Singh J.: Wear performance analysis and characterization of HVOF deposited Ni-20Cr2O3, Ni-30Al2O3 and Al2O3-13TiO2 coatings, Applied Surface Science Advances 6 (2021) 100161.
- 9. Szala M., Walczak M., Łatka L., Gancarczyk K., Özkan D.: Cavitation erosion and sliding wear of MCrAlY and NiCrMo deposited by HVOF thermal spraying, Advances in Materials Science 20 (64) (2020) 26-38.
- 10. Myalska H., Szymański K., Moskal G.: Microstructure and properties of WC-Co HVAF coatings obtained from standard, superfine and modified by sub-micrometric carbide powders, Archives of Metallurgy and Metals 60 (2015) 759-766.
- 11. Matikainen V., Koivuluoto H., Vuoristo P.: A study of Cr3C2-based HVOF and HVAF coatings: abrasion, dry particle erosion and cavitation erosion resistance, Wear 446-447 (2020) 203188.
- 12. Puddu P., Popa S., Bolelli G., Krieg P., Lassinantti Gualtieri M., Lusvarghi L., Killinger A., Gadow R.: Suspension HVOF spraying of TiO2 using a liquid-fueled torch, Surface and Coatings Technology 349 (2018) 677-694.
- 13. Michalak M., Łatka L., Sokołowski P., Toma F.-L., Myalska H., Denoirjean A., Ageorges H.: Microstructural, mechanical and tribological properties of finely grained Al2O3 coatings obtained by SPS and S-HVOF methods, Surface and Coatings Technology 404 (2020) 126463.
- 14. Vignesh S., Shanmugam K., Balasubramanian V., Sridhar K.: Identifying the optimal HVOF spray parameters to attain minimum porosity and maximum hardness in iron based amorphous metallic coatings, Defence Technology 13 (2017) 101-110.
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- 16. Lamana M. S., Pukasiewicz G. M. A., Sampath A.: Influence of cobalt content and HVOF deposition process on the cavitation erosion resistance of WC-Co coatings, Wear 398-399 (2018) 209-219.
- 17. Selvadurai U., Hollingsworth P., Baumann I., Hussong B., Tillmann W., Rausch S., Biermann D.: Influence of the handling parameters on residual stresses of HVOF-sprayed WC-12Co coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology 268 (2015) 30-35.
- 18. Ang A., Berndt C. C.: Thermal spray coating testing methods, Porosity of coatings. A review of testing methods for thermal spray coatings, International Materials Reviews 59(4) (2014) 179-223.
- 19. Deshpande S., Kulkarni A., Sampath S., Herman H.: Application of image analysis for characterization of porosity in thermal spray coatings and correlation with small angle neutron scattering, Surface & Coatings Technology 187(1) (2004) 6-16.
- 20. Wang Z., Kulkarni A., Deshpande S., Nakamura T., Herman H.: Effects of pores and interfaces on effective properties of plasma sprayed zirconia coatings, Acta Materialia, 51(18) (2003) 5319-5334.
- 21. Paul S.: Assessing Coating Reliability Through Pore Architecture Evaluation, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 19 (2010) 779-786.
- 22. Ganvir A., Jahagirdar A. R., Mulone A., Örnfeldt L., Björklund S., Klement U., Joshi S.: Novel utilization of liquid feedstock in high velocity air fuel (HVAF) spraying to deposit solid lubricant reinforced wear resistant coatings, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 295 (2021) 117203.
- 23. Klement U., Ekberg J., Kelly S.T.: 3D Analysis of Porosity in a Ceramic Coating Using X-ray Microscopy, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 26 (2017) 456-463.
- 24. Horny D., Schukraft J., Weidenmann K. A., Schulz K.: Numerical and Experimental Characterization of Elastic Properties of a Novel, Highly Homogeneous Interpenetrating Metal Ceramic Composite, Advanced Engineering Material 22 (2020) 1901556.
- 25. Wei Z.-Y., Wang L.-S., Cai H.-N., Li G.-R., Chen X.-F., Zhang W.-X.: Dominant effect of oriented 2D pores on heat flux in lamellar structured thermal barrier coatings, Ceramics International 45(14) (2019) 16725-18154.
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- 27. Michalak M., Łatka L., Szymczyk P. and Sokołowski P.: Computational image analysis of Suspension Plasma Sprayed YSZ coatings. ITM Web of Conferences 15, 06004 (2017).
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- 29. Ott D. K., Cyrs W., Peters T. M.: Passive measurement of coarse particulate matter, PM10-2.5, Aerosol Science 39 (2008) 156-167.
- 30. Łatka L., Michalak M., Szala M., Walczak M., Sokołowski P., Ambroziak A.: Influence of 13 wt% TiO2 content in alumina-titania powders on microstructure, sliding wear and cavitation erosion resistance of APS sprayed coatings, Surface and Coatings Technology 410 (2021) 126979.
- 31. Jonda E., Łatka L.: Comparative analysis of mechanical properties of WC-based cermet coatings sprayed by HVOF onto AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates, Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 15 (2021), 57-64.
- 32. Luiz L.A., de Andrade J., Pesqueira C.M. et al.: Corrosion Behavior and Galvanic Corrosion Resistance of WC and Cr3C2 Cermet Coatings in Madeira River Water, Journal of Thermal Spraying Technology 30 (2021) 205-221.
- 33. Qiao L., Wu Y., Hong S., Long W., Cheng J.: Wet abrasive wear behavior of WC-based cermet coatings prepared by HVOF spraying, Ceramic International 47 (2021) 1829-1836.
- 34. Song B., Murray J.W., Wellman R.G., Pala Z., Hussain T.: Dry sliding wear behaviour of HVOF thermal sprayed WC-Co-Cr and WC-CrxCy-Ni coatings, Wear (2020) 442-443.
- 35. Lima R.S., Karthikeyan J., Kay C.M., Lindemann J., Berndt C.C.: Microstructural characteristics of cold-sprayed nanostructured WC Co coatings, Thin Solid Film 416 (2002) 129–135.
- 36. Ding X., Ke D., Yuan, C., Ding Z., Cheng X.: Microstructure and Cavitation Erosion Resistance of HVOF Deposited WC-Co, Coatings with Different Sized WC, Coatings 8 (2018) 307.
- 37. Aguero A., Camon F., Garcıa de Blas J., del Hoyo J.C., Muelas R., Santaballa A., Ulargui S., Valles P.: HVOF-Deposited WCCoCr as Replacement for Hard Cr in Landing Gear Actuators, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 20 (2011) 1292-1309.
- 38. Sidhu H. S., Sidhu B. S., Prakash S.: Mechanical and microstructural properties of HVOF sprayed WC-Co and Cr3C2-NiCr coatings on the boiler tube steels using LPG as the fuel gas, Journal Materials Processing Technology 171 (2006) 77–82.
- 39. Zhan S.-H., Cho T.-Y., Yoon J.-H., Li M.-X., Shum P.W., Kwon S.-C.: Investigation on microstructure, surface properties and anti-wear performance of HVOF sprayed WC-Cr-Ni coatings modified by laser heat treatment, Material Science Engineering B 162 (2009) 127–134.
- 40. Berger L.-M., Saaro S., Naumann T., Kasparova M., Zahala F.: Microstructure and Properties of HVOF-Sprayed WC-(W,Cr)2C-Ni Coatings, Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 17 (2008) 395-403.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-6f70ef03-0403-4333-af34-42481e824ce3