Influence of technological parameters on additive manufacturing steel parts in Selective Laser Sintering

• Autorzy: Król M. , Kujawa M. , Dobrzański L.A. , Tański T.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The investigations have been carried out on test pieces of 316L stainless steel parts fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering technique. The effect of selective laser sintering parameters such as power output, laser distance between the points sintered metal powder during additive manufacturing as well as the orientation of models relative to the laser beam and substrate on the roughness, surface morphology and wear resistance of manufactured models were performed. Design/methodology/approach: To fabricate 316L stainless steel parts, the method using selective laser sintering (SLS) technique, using Renishaw AM 125 machine is utilised. Wear resistance, roughness and surface morphology of SLS produced samples prepared via different process parameters are investigated. Findings: The results show that the wear resistance and surface morphology are strongly influenced by orientation of the parts relative to the laser beam, power output of laser and laser distance between the points sintered metal powder during additive manufacturing. Research limitations/implications: In the nearest future, studies will be conducted to establish influence of laser parameters such as scan speed, focus offset, exposure time, diameter of laser beam and hatch parameters such as hatch type and hatch distance on the quality and density of AM steel parts. Practical implications: Stainless steel is one of the most popular materials used for selective laser sintering (SLS) processing to produce nearly fully dense components from 3D CAD models. Reduction of surface roughness is one of the key research issues within the additive manufacturing technique SLS, since one of the major cost factors is the post processing of surfaces by means of milling, turning, grinding and polishing. Originality/value: This paper can serve as an aid in understanding the importance of technological parameters on quality and wear resistance of manufactured AM parts made by SLS technique.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Selective Laser Sintering; rapid prototyping; additive manufacturing

PL

selektywne spiekanie laserowe; szybkie prototypowanie; technologie przyrostowego wytwarzania

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Archives of Materials Science and Engineering
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 67, nr 2
• Strony: 84--92
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 37 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Król M.

• Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Kujawa M.

• Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Dobrzański L.A.

• Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

autor

Tański T.

• Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] I. Campbell, D. Bourell, I. Gibson, Additive manufacturing: rapid prototyping comes of age, Rapid Prototyping Journal 18/4 (2012) 255-258.
• [2] O. Ivanova, C. Williams, T. Campbell, Additive manufacturing (AM) and nanotechnology: promises and challenges, Rapid Prototyping Journal 19/5 (2013) 353-364.
• [3] R.J. Wang. L. Wang, L. Zhao, Z. Liu, Influence of process parameters on part shrinkage in SLS, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 33 (2007) 498-504.
• [4] A.I. Kovalev, V.P. Mishina, D.L. Wainstein, V.I. Titov, V.F. Moiseev, N.K. Tolochko, Selective laser sintering of single-phase powder Cr-V tool steel, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 11 (2002) 492-495.
• [5] C.M. Taylor, T.H.C. Childs, C. Hauser, Morphology of direct SLS-processed stainless steel layers, Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, 2002, 530-537.
• [6] P. Vallabhajosyula, D.L. Bourell, Modeling and production of fully ferrous components by indirect selective laser sintering, Rapid Prototyping Journal 17/4 (2011) 262-268.
• [7] L.A. Dobrzański, A. Achtelik-Franczak, M. Król, Computer Aided Design in Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) – application in medicine, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 60/2 (2013) 66-75.
• [8] M. Król, L.A. Dobrzański, à. Reimann, I. Czaja, Surface quality in selective laser melting of metal powders, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 60/2 (2013) 87-92.
• [9] NASA looking to develop stronger 3D printing materials, http://3dprinterplans.info/tag /missouri-university-of-science-and-technology/.
• [10] A. Stwora, G. Skrabalak, Influence of selected parameters of Selective Laser Sintering process on properties of sintered materials, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 61/2 (2013) 375-380.
• [11] D. Su, S. Zhu, Additive tooling for tube hydroforming, Key Engineering Materials 572 (2014) 269-272.
• [12] J.-P. Kruth, B. Vandenbroucke, J. Van Vaerenbergh, I. Naert, Rapid manufacturing of dental prostheses by means laser sintering/melting, Journal of Dental Technology (2007) 24-32.
• [13] B. Vandenbroucke, J.-P. Kruth, Selective laser melting of biocompatible metals forrapid manufacturing of medical parts, Rapid Prototyping Journal 13/4 (2007) 196-203.
• [14] T. Bormann, R. Schumacher, B. Muller, M. Mertmann, M. de Wild, Tailoring selective laser melting process parameters for NiTi implants, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 21 (2012) 2519-2524.
• [15] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Musztyfaga, A. Drygała, Final manufacturing process of front side metallisation on silicon solar cells using convectional and unconventional techniques, Journal of Mechanical Engineering 59/4 (2013) 175-182.
• [16] L.A. Dobrzański, M. Musztyfaga, Effect of the front electrode metallisation process on electrical parameters of a silicon solar cell, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 48/2 (2011) 115-144.
• [17] M. Musztyfaga, L.A. Dobrzański, S. Rusz, L. Prokop, S. Misak, The use of conventional technique to shape the properties of the front side metallization of monocrystalline solar cell and its structure, Proceedings of the 14thInternational Scientific Conference Electric Power Engineering 2013, in: Book Series: International Scientific Conference on Electric Power Engineering, 2013, 503-506.
• [18] S. Kumar, J.-P. Kruth, Wear performance of SLS/SLM materials, Advanced Engineering Materials 10/8 (2008) 1-5.
• [19] N.R. Harlan, R. Reyes, D.L. Bourell, J.J. Beaman, Titanium castings using laser-scanned data and selective laser-sintered zirconia molds, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 10 (2001) 410-413.
• [20] K. Liua, Y. Shia, C. Lia, L. Haob, J. Liua, Q. Weia, Indirect selective laser sintering of epoxy resin-Al2O3ceramic powders combined with cold isostatic pressing, Ceramics International 40/5 (2014) 7099-7106.
• [21] K. Shahzada, J. Deckersb, Z. Zhanga, J.-P. Kruthb, J. Vleugels, Additive manufacturing of zirconia parts by indirect selective laser sintering, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 34/1 (2014) 81-89.
• [22] E.O. Olakanmi, Selective laser sintering/melting (SLS/SLM) of pure Al, Al-Mg, and Al-Si powders: Effect of processing conditions and powder properties, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213/8 (2013) 1387-1405.
• [23] J. Alcisto, A. Enriquez, H. Garcia, S. Hinkson, T. Steelman, E. Silverman, P. Valdovino, H. Gigerenzer, J. Foyos, J. Ogren, J. Dorey, K. Karg, T. McDonald, O.S. Es-Said, Tensile properties and microstructures of laser-formed Ti-6Al-4V, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 20 (2011) 203-212.
• [24] F. Xiea, X. Heb, S. Caoa, X. Qua, Structural and mechanical characteristics of porous 316L stainless steel fabricated by indirect selective laser sintering, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 213/6 (2013) 838-843.
• [25] N. Parvathavarthini, R.V. Subbarao, Sanjay Kumar, R.K. Dayal, H.S. Khatak, Elimination of intergranular corrosion susceptibility of cold-worked and sensitized AISI 316 SS by laser surface melting, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 10 (2001) 5-13.
• [26] A.B. Spierings, N. Herres, G. Levy, Influence of the particle size distribution on surface quality and mechanical properties in AM steel parts, Rapid Prototyping Journal 17/3 (2011) 195-202.
• [27] E. Yasa, J. Deckers, J.-P. Kruth The investigation of the influence of laser re-melting on density, surface quality and microstructure of selective laser melting parts, Rapid Prototyping Journal 17/5 (2011) 312-327.
• [28] X.C. Wang, T. Laoui, J. Bonse, J.P. Kruth, B. Lauwers, L. Froyen, Direct selective laser sintering of hard metal powders: experimental study and simulation, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 19 (2002) 351-357.
• [29] A. Sachdeva, S. Singh, V.S. Sharma, Investigating surface roughness of parts produced by SLS process, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 64 (2013) 1505-1516.
• [30] C. Sanza, V. Garcia Navasa, O. Gonzaloa, G. Vansteenkiste, Study of surface integrity of rapid manufacturing parts after different thermal and finishing treatments, Procedia Engineering 19 (2011) 294-299.
• [31] R. Li, J. Liu, Y. Shi, M.Du, Z. Xie, 316L stainless steel with gradient porosity fabricated by selective laser melting, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 19 (2010) 666-671.
• [32] D. Shi, I. Gibson, Surface finishing of Selective Laser Sintering parts with robot, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 214/3 (2000) 197-203.
• [33] J.A. Ramos, J. Murphy, K. Wood, D.L. Bourell, J.J. Beaman, Surface roughness enhancement of indirect-SLS metal parts by laser surface polishing, Proceedings of the SFF Symposium, 2001, 28-38.
• [34] R. Paul, S. Anand, Process energy analysis and optimization in selective laser sintering, Journal of Manufacturing Systems 31/4 (2012) 429-437.
• [35] E.O. Olakanmi, Effect of mixing time on the bed density, and microstructure of selective laser sintered (SLS) aluminium powders, Materials Research 15/2 (2012) 167-176.
• [36] K. Mumtaz, N. Hopkinson, Top surface and side roughness of Inconel 625 parts processed using selective laser melting, Rapid Prototyping Journal 15/2 (2009) 96-103.
• [37] Y. Sun, A. Moroz, K. Alrbaey, Sliding wear characteristics and corrosion behaviour of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 23 (2014) 518-526.