Flexural cracking behavior and calculation approach of reinforced highly ductile fiber-reinforced concrete beams

• Autorzy: Zhang Min , Deng Mingke , Wu Zhiyan , Pan Jiaojiao

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1007/s43452-021-00309-0

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Highly ductile fiber-reinforced concrete (HDC) is a class of cementitious composites reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers and exhibits strain-hardening behavior and multiple fine cracks under tension. This study aims to evaluate the cracking behavior and propose a simple calculation approach of the crack width and crack spacing of reinforced HDC (RHDC) flexural members. The four-point bending tests were conducted for RHDC beams with a different ultimate tensile strain of HDC and tensile reinforcement ratio. The flexural cracking performance of beams was mainly analyzed. The results showed that the width, spacing, height of flexural cracks of RHDC beams was significantly smaller compared with those of reinforced concrete (RC) beams. An increase in the ultimate tensile strain of HDC decreases the crack width and crack height while has little influence on the average crack spacing of RHDC beams. The effect of the tensile reinforcement ratio on the crack width is notable for RHDC beams with a higher ultimate tensile strain of HDC. The increasing of the tensile reinforcement ratio decreases the average crack spacing and crack height of RHDC beams. Furthermore, theoretical formulas for the average crack spacing, average crack width, and maximum crack width of RHDC beams were proposed based on the bond interaction between rebars and HDC and the fiber bridging stress. The predicted values have good agreement with the experimental values, indicating that the proposed method is reliable to evaluate the crack behavior of RHDC flexural members. Based on an accurate validation, the effect of cover thickness, HDC strength, and rebar diameter on the crack behavior of RHDC beams was conducted and found consistent with the law of RC beams.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

highly ductile fiber-reinforced concrete; polyvinyl alcohol fiber; crack behavior; crack width; bond stress; fiber bridging stress

PL

beton zbrojony; włókno polialkoholu winylowego; pęknięcie betonu

• Wydawca: Springer ; Wrocław University of Science and Technology
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 21, no. 4
• Strony: 320--333
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 51 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Zhang Min

• School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

autor

Deng Mingke

• School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

autor

Wu Zhiyan

• School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China

autor

Pan Jiaojiao

• Xijing University, Xi’an 710199, China

Bibliografia

• [1] Arya C, Wood LA. The relevance of cracking in concrete to reinforcement corrosion. 2nd ed. UK: The Concrete Society; 2015.
• [2] Kuder KG, Shah SP. Processing of high-performance fiber-reinforced cement-based composites. Constr Build Mater. 2010;24(2):181–6.
• [3] Li VC, Horikoshi T, Ogawa A, et al. Micromechanics-based durability study of polyvinyl alcohol-engineered cementitious composite. ACI Mater J. 2004;101:242–8.
• [4] Li VC, Wu HC, Maalej M, et al. Tensile behavior of cement-based composites with random discontinuous steel fibers. J Am Ceram Soc. 1996;79(1):74–8.
• [5] Kang ST, Choi JI, Koh KT, et al. Hybrid effects of steel fiber and microfiber on the tensile behavior of ultra-high performance concrete. Compos Struct. 2016;145:37–42.
• [6] Yu K, Wang Y, Yu J, et al. A strain-hardening cementitious composites with the tensile capacity up to 8%. Constr Build Mater. 2017;137:410–9.
• [7] Ding Y, Yu JT, Yu KQ, et al. Basic mechanical properties of ultra-high ductility cementitious composites: from 40MPa to 120MPa. Compos Struct. 2018;185:634–45.
• [8] Deng MK, Han J, Liu HB, Qin M, Liang XW. Analysis of compressive toughness and deformability of high ductile fiber reinforced concrete. Adv Mater Sci Eng. 2015;3:1–7.
• [9] Kou JL, Deng MK, Liang XW. Experimental study of uniaxial tensile properties of ductile fiber reinforced concrete. Build Struct. 2013;43(1):59–64.
• [10] Li VC. On engineered cementitious composites (ECC)-a review of the material and its applications. J Adv Concr Technol. 2003;1(3):215–30.
• [11] Kanda T, Li VC. Practical design criteria for saturated pseudo strain hardening behavior in ECC. J Adv Concr Technol. 2006;4(1):59–72.
• [12] Wang S, Wu C, Li VC. Tensile strain-hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC). ACI Mater J. 2001;98(6):483–92.
• [13] Kobayashi K, Ahn DL, Rokugo K. Effects of crack properties and water-cement ratio on the chloride proofing performance of cracked SHCC suffering from chloride attack. Cem Concr Compos. 2016;69:18–27.
• [14] Curosu I, Mechtcherine V, Forni D, Cadoni E. Performance of various strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) subject to uniaxial impact tensile loading. Cem Concr Res. 2017;102:16–28.
• [15] Kanda T, Li VC. New micromechanics design theory for pseudo-strain hardening cementitious composite. J Eng Mech. 1999;125(4):373–81.
• [16] Mechtcherine V, Silva Fde A, Butler M, et al. Behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites under high strain rates. J Adv Concr Technol. 2011;9(1):51–62.
• [17] Pan Z, Wu C, Liu J, et al. Study on mechanical properties of cost-effective polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composites (PVA-ECC). Constr Build Mater. 2015;78:397–404.
• [18] Altwair NM, Johari MAM, Hashim SFS. Flexural performance of green engineered cementitious composites containing high volume of palm oil fuel ash. Constr Build Mater. 2012;37(3):518–25.
• [19] Deng MK, Ma FD, Ye W, et al. Investigation of the shear strength of HDC deep beams based on a modified direct strut-and-tie model. Constr Build Mater. 2018;172:340–8.
• [20] Deng MK, Zhang YX. Seismic response and shear mechanism of engineered cementitious composite (ECC) short columns. Eng Struct. 2019;192:296–304.
• [21] Fischer G, Li VC. Influence of matrix ductility on tension-stiffening behavior of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Struct J. 2002;99(1):104–11.
• [22] Deluce J, Lee SC, Vecchio FJ. Crack formation in FRC structural elements containing conventional reinforcement. In: Parra-Montesinos GJ, Naaman AE, Reinhardt HW, editors. Proceeding on 6th international RILEM workshop on high performance fiber reinforced cement composites (HPFRCC6) Michigan, USA, (2012) June 19–22, 2011. Dordrecht, Germany: Springer; 2011. p. 271–8.
• [23] Kunieda M, Hussein M, Ueda N, Nakamura H. Enhancement of crack distribution of UHP-SHCC under axial tension using steel reinforcement. J Adv Concr Technol. 2010;8(1):49–57.
• [24] Fischer G, Li VC. Influence of matrix ductility on tension-stiffening behavior of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composites (ECC). Struct J Am Concr Inst. 2002;99(1):104–11.
• [25] Ogura H, Kunieda M, Nakamura H. Tensile fracture analysis of fiber reinforced cement-based composites with rebar focusing on the contribution of bridging forces. J Adv Concr Technol. 2019;17:216–31.
• [26] Bandelt MJ, Billington SL. Impact of reinforcement ratio and loading type on the deformation capacity of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites reinforced with mild steel. J Struct Eng. 2016;142:04016084.
• [27] Xu S, Hou L, Zhang X. Flexural and shear behaviors of reinforced ultrahigh toughness cementitious composite beams with-out web reinforcement under concentrated load. Eng Struct. 2012;39:176–86.
• [28] Yuan F, Pan J, Wu Y. Numerical study on flexural behaviors of steel reinforced engineered cementitious composite (ECC) and ECC/concrete composite beams. Sci China Technol Sci. 2014;57:637–45.
• [29] Bernard ES. Predicting crack widths in FRC/reinforced concrete members using small deformation post-crack parameters. Struct Concr. 2019;20(6):1–12.
• [30] Bai R, Liu S, Yan C, Zhang J, Wang X. Flexural cracking performance of strain-hardening cementitious composites with polyvinyl alcohol: experimental and analytical study. Constr Build Mater. 2020;247:118110.
• [31] Stang H, Aarre T. Evaluation of crack width in frc with conventional reinforcement. Cem Concr Compos. 1992;14:143–54.
• [32] Amin A, Gilbert RI. Instantaneous crack width calculation for steel fiber-reinforced concrete flexural members. Struct J Am Concr Inst. 2018;115(2):535–43.
• [33] Sunaga D, Namiki K, Kanakubo T. Crack width evaluation of fiber-reinforced cementitious composite considering interaction between deformed steel rebar. Constr Build Mater. 2020;261:119968.
• [34] DBJ61/T112-2016 (2016) Technical specification for application of high ductile concrete. Xi’an (CN).
• [35] Deng M, Sun H, Liang X, Jing W. Experimental study of flexural behavior of ductile fiber reinforced concrete. Ind Constr. 2014;5(11):84–93. https://doi.org/10.13204/j.gyjz201405020.
• [36] Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Metallic materials-tensile testing-part 1: method of test at room temperature (GB/T 228.1–2010). ISO 6892-1: 2009. MOD; 2010.
• [37] Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China. Steel and steel products-location and preparation of samples and test pieces for mechanical testing (GB/T 2975-2018). ISO 337: 2017, MOD; 2018.
• [38] Barris C, Torres L, Vilanova I, et al. Experimental study on crack width and cracks spacing for Glass-FRP reinforced concrete beams. Eng Struct. 2017;131:231–42.
• [39] Deng M, Ma F, Ye W, et al. Flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened by HDC and RPC. Constr Build Mater. 2018;188:995–1006.
• [40] Paschalis SA, Lampropoulos AP, Tsioulou O. Expeimental and numerical study of the performance of ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete for the flexural strengthening of full scale reinforced concrete members. Constr Build Mater. 2018;186:351–66.
• [41] GB/T50152-2012 (2012) Standard for test methods for concrete structures. China Building Industry Press, Beijing.
• [42] GB 50010–2010 (2010) Code for design of concrete structures. China Building Press, Beijing.
• [43] Lieping Ye. Concrete structures. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press; 2014. p. 218–9.
• [44] Bandelt MJ, Billington SL. Bond behavior of steel reinforcement in high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composite flexural members. Mater Struct. 2016;49(1–2):71–86.
• [45] Fib Model Code 2010 (2013) Fédération internationale du béton/International federation for structural concrete.
• [46] AS3600. 2018 (2018) Concrete Structures. Australian Standard, Standards Association of Australia.
• [47] Ozu Y, Miyaguchi M, Kanakubo T. Modeling of bridging law for PVA fiber-reinforced cementitious composites considering fiber orientation. J Civil Eng Archi. 2018;12:651–61.
• [48] Y. Ozu, K. Watanabe, A. Yasojima, T. Kanakubo (2016) Evaluation of size effect in bending characteristics of DFRCC based on bridging law, ACF 2016. In: The 7 th International Conference of Asian Concrete Federation, 3. Concrete structures, Paper No.32.
• [49] Deng M, Pan J, Sun H. Bond behavior of steel bar embedded in Engineered cementitious composites under pullout load. Constr Build Mater. 2018;168:705–14.
• [50] Bandelt MJ, Frank TE, Lepech MD, et al. Bond behavior and interface modeling of reinforced high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites. Cem Concr Compos. 2017;83:188–201.
• [51] Deng M, Zhang M, Ma F, et al. Flexural strengthening of over-reinforced concrete beams with highly ductile fiber-reinforced concrete layer. Eng Struct. 2021;231:111725.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023)