Evaluation of microstructural and mechanical qualities in optimised TIG-welded SDSS 2507 joints

• Autorzy: Kumar Sujeet , Srinivas Madugula Naveen , Kumar Naveen , Giri Jayant , Fatehmulla Amanullah

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/msp-2024-0051

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) is gaining attraction owing to its excellent mechanical strength and superior corrosion resistance. In this study, tungsten inert gas (TIG) was implemented for welding the SDSS thin sheet. The Taguchi method and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were carried out by selecting L25 orthogonal arrays. The optimum TIG parameters were a welding current of 75 A, an arc potential of 15 V, a welding rate of 120 mm/min, and an argon gas consumption rate of 12 L/min. An ANOVA study found that welding current (46.95%) was the largest contributor in producing the excellent welded joint. The microstructural research indicated increased grain size in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and fusion zone (FZ), represented by distinct grain boundary layers, intragranulars, and Widmanstätten austenite. This was due to heat input and rapid cooling inclusion as well as re-crystallisation of the ferrite matrix. The elemental mapping analysis showed that chromium must be present to generate a shielding oxide layer, which decreased from 25.50% in the parent material to 23.40% in the TIG welded joint. The tensile test found that TIG welds had an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 789 MPa. This value was equivalent to the base metal UTS value of 800 MPa. The micro-hardness test of the TIG welded joint confirmed that the HAZ (350 HV) and FZ (325 HV) were higher than that of the base metal (305 HV). The hardness value near the FZ boundary experienced a significant increase due to the development of hard microscopic components and element migration during the TIG process.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

tungsten inert gas; super duplex stainless steel; elemental mapping; microstructure; tensile test; microhardness

• Wydawca: De Gruyter
• Czasopismo: Materials Science Poland
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 42, No. 4
• Strony: 163--179
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kumar Sujeet

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bonam Venkata Chalamayya Engineering College, Odalarevu East Godavari, India

autor

Srinivas Madugula Naveen

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bonam Venkata Chalamayya Engineering College, Odalarevu East Godavari, India

autor

Kumar Naveen

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, United College of Engineering and Research, Naini Prayagraj, India

autor

Giri Jayant

• Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering Nagpur, India
• Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University Phagwara, India
• Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab, India

autor

Fatehmulla Amanullah

• Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Bibliografia

• [1] Yuan, Y., Yuan, S., Wang, Y., Li, Q, Deng, Z., Xie, Y., et al., Nanostructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel 2507 aged at 500°C, Crystals, 2023, 13: 243
• [2] Köse, C., Topal, C., Dissimilar laser beam welding of AISI 2507 super duplex stainless to AISI 317L austenitic stainless steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2023, 862: 144476
• [3] Wang, L., Ding, Y., Lu, Q., Guo, Z., Liu, Y., Cui, Z., Microstructure and corrosion behavior of welded joint between 2507 super duplex stainless steel and E690 low alloy steel, Corros. Commun., 2023, 11: 1–11
• [4] Roos, S., Botero, C., Rännar, L.E., Electron beam powder bed fusion processing of 2507 super duplex stainless steel. as-built phase composition and microstructural properties, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 24: 6473–6483
• [5] Wang, Q., Gu, G., Jia, C., Li, K., Wu, C., Investigation of microstructure evolution, mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel joints by keyhole plasma arc welding, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2023, 22: 355–374
• [6] Sekar, C.B., Koteswara Rao, S.R., Vijayan, S., Boopathy, S.R., Effect of welding processes on ferrite content, microstructure and mechanical properties of super duplex stainless steel 2507 welds, Mater. Test., 2023, 65(12): 1836–1844
• [7] Song, Q., Wang, H., Wang, W., Han, Z, Qian, Y., Wan, J., et al., Optimization of mechanical and surface properties of friction stir welded dissimilar joint of 2507 SDSS and 317L ASS by controlling process parameters, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 29: 416–426
• [8] Gupta, A., Kumar, A., Baskaran, T., Arya, S.B., Khatirkar, R.K., Effect of heat input on microstructure and corrosion behavior of duplex stainless steel shielded metal arc welds. Trans. Indian. Inst. Met., 2018, 71(7): 1595–1606
• [9] Lange, A., Influence of flame straightening on the properties of welded joints made of X2CrNi22-2 duplex steel, Mater. Sci. Pol., 2021, 39: 446–457
• [10] Maurya, A.K., Chhibber, R., Pandey, C., GTAW dissimilar weldment of sDSS 2507 and nickel alloy for marine applications: microstructure–mechanical integrity, Metall. Mater. Trans. A., 2023, 54(8): 3311–3340
• [11] El Sayed Seleman, M.M., Alateyah, A.I., Mahmoud, E.A.E., Elsoeudy, R.I., Ahmed, M.M.Z., Hafez, K.M., et al., Friction stir welding of 2507super-duplex stainless steel: feasibility of butt joint groove filling at different process parameters, Adv. Mater. Process., 2024, 10(4): 40–64
• [12] Kumar, S., Yogesh, K., Vimal, K.E.K., Microstructural and corrosion behavior of thin sheet of stainless steel-grade super duplex 2507 by gas tungsten arc welding, SAE Int. J. Mater. Manuf., 2024, 17(2): 9
• [13] Cojocaru, E.M., Raducanu, D., Vintilam, A.N., Alturaihi, S.S, Serban, N., Berbecaru, A.C., et al., Influence of ageing treatment on microstructural and mechanical properties of a solution treated UNS S32750/EN 1.4410/F53 Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) alloy, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2020, 9(4): 8592–8605
• [14] Brum Walter, N.M., Braga Lemos, G.V., Kieckow, G.S., Buzzatti, D.T., Buzzatti, J.T., Mattei, F., et al., Investigating microstructure, mechanical properties, and pitting corrosion resistance of UNS S32760 super duplex stainless steel after linear friction welding, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 31: 1637–1643
• [15] Maurya, A.K., Kumar, N., Pandey, C., Chhibber, R., Structure–property relationship assessment of dissimilar gas tungsten arc welded joint of pipeline steel and super duplex stainless steel for marine applications, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2024, 24(3): 164
• [16] Giorjão, R.A.R., Pereira, V.F., Terada, M., da Fonseca, E.B., Marinho, R.R., Garcia, D.M., et al., Microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded 8mm pipe SAF 2507 super duplex stainless steel, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2019, 8(1): 243–249
• [17] Maurya, A.K., Patnaik, A., Pandey, S.M., Chhibber, R., Pandey, C., Tribological performance of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar joints of sDSS 2507/N50 steel, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2023, 33: 10280–10294
• [18] Abbasi, M., Tahaei, A., Vanani, B.B., Post-weld heat treatment and Nitrogen application in welding of super duplex stainless steels, In: Advances in Manufacturing for Aerospace Alloys, S. Gürgen, Springer Nature Switzerland, Cham, 2024, pp. 117–134
• [19] Silva, D., Barbosa, E., Pardal, J.M., Barbosa, C., Tavares, S.S.M., Microstructural characterization of aged welded joints of a UNS S32750 superduplex stainless steel metallogr, Microstruct. Anal., 2024, 13: 570–581
• [20] Fande, A., Kalbande, V., Kavishwar, S., Tandon, V., Dhunde, A., Enhancing microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar TIG welded duplex 2205 and Ni-based inconel 718 superalloy through postweld heat treatment, Eng. Res. Express., 2024, 6(2): 025539
• [21] Acuna, A., Riffel, K.C., Ramirez, A., Effect of sigma phase on CVN impact toughness in HDSS weld metal, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2024, 912: 146948
• [22] Kumar, S., Vimal, K.E.K., Numerical and experimental studies of thin super duplex stainless steel GTAW joints, Int. J. Mater. Eng. Innov., 2024, 15(2): 157–171
• [23] Kumar, N., Kumar, P., Investigation on microstructural and mechanical integrity of GTAW dissimilar welded joint of IN 718/ASS 304L using Ni-based filler IN 625 using EBSD and DHD techniques, Int. J. Press. Vessel. Pip.; 2024, 209: 105213
• [24] Abbasi, M., Vanani, B.B., Tahaei, A., Garagnani, G.L., Influence of Ni and PWHT on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of GTA-welded duplex stainless steel and super duplex stainless steel joints: A comparative investigation, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Pt. L J. Mater. Des. Appl., 2024, 238(10): 14644207241236743
• [25] Tabrizi, T.R, Sabzi, M., Anijdan, S.M., Eivani, A.R., Park, N., Jafarian, H.R., Comparing the effect of continuous and pulsed current in the GTAW process of AISI 316L stainless steel welded joint: microstructural evolution, phase equilibrium, mechanical properties and fracture mode, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2021, 15: 199–212
• [26] Ramkumar, K.D., Mishra, D., Ganesh Raj, B., Vignesh, M.K., Thiruvengatam, G., Sudharshan, S.P., et al., Effect of optimal weld parameters in the microstructure and mechanical properties of autogeneous gas tungsten arc weldments of super-duplex stainless steel UNS S32750, Mater. Des., 2015, 66: 356–365
• [27] Vahman, M., Shamanian, M., Golozar, M.A., Jalali, A., Sarmadi, M.A., Kangazian, J., The effect of welding heat input on the structure–property relationship of a new grade super duplex stainless steel, Steel Res. Int., 2020, 91(1): 1900347
• [28] Srinivasan, S., Atrens, A., Effect of pulse gas tungsten arc welding on the metallurgical characteristics & microstructural evolution in AZ31B magnesium alloy welds, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 29: 295412–295424
• [29] Shin, Y.T., Shin, H.S., Lee, H.W., Effects of heat inputon pitting corrosion in super duplex stainless steel weld metals, Met. Mater. Int., 2012, 18(6): 1037–1040
• [30] Kordatos, J.D., Fourlaris, G., Papadimitriou, G., The effect of cooling rate on the mechanical and corrosion properties of SAF 2205 (UNS 31803) duplex stainless steel welds, Scr. Mater., 2001, 44(3): 401–408
• [31] Tavares, S.S.M., Pardal, J.M., Lima, L.D., Bastos, I.N., Nascimento, A.M., Souzam, J.A., Characterization of microstructure, chemical composition, corrosion resistance and toughness of a multipass weld joint of superduplex stainless steel UNS S32750, Mater. Charact., 2007, 58(7): 610–616
• [32] Yousefieh, M., Shamanian, M., Saatchi, A., Optimization of the pulsed current gas tungsten arc welding (PCGTAW) parameters for corrosion resistance of super duplex stainless steel (UNS S32760) welds using the Taguchi method, J. Alloy. Compd., 2011, 509(3): 782–788
• [33] Srirangan, A.K., Paulraj, S., Multi-response optimization of process parameters for TIG welding of Incoloy 800HT by Taguchi grey relational analysis, Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J., 2016, 19(2): 811–817
• [34] Magudeeswaran, G., Nair, S.R., Sundar, L., Harikannan, N., Optimization of process parameters of the activated tungsten inert gas welding for aspect ratio of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel welds, Def. Technol., 2014, 10(3): 251–260
• [35] Madugula, N.S., Kumar, Y., Vimal, K.E.K., Kumar, S., Benchmarking the quality improvement strategies of wire arc additive manufacturing process using fuzzy QFD approach, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2024, 30(5): 876–884
• [36] Kumar, S., Vimal, K.E.K., Karpagaraj, A., Mechanical characterization and simulation of PCGTAW welded thin sheet of SDSS material, Mater. Today: Proc., 2022, 60: 452–458
• [37] Kumar, S., Madugula, N.S., Kumar, R., Kumar, N., Giri, J., Kanan, M., An extensive analysis of GTAW process and its influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SDSS 2507, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 33: 8675–8686
• [38] Sordetti, F., Palombi, A., Varone, A., Picco, N., Magnan, M., Marin, E., et al., Experimental review and accuracy of etchants used for phase analysis of SAF2507 Super Duplex Stainless Steel, J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2024, 32: 3842–3856
• [39] Çetinarslan, C.S., Sahin, M., Karaman Genç, S., Sevil, C., Mechanical and metallurgical properties of ionnitrided austenitic-stainless steel welds, Mater. Sci. Pol., 2012, 30: 303–312
• [40] Yelamasetti, B.G., Vardhan, V., Optimization of GTAW parameters for the development of dissimilar AA5052 and AA6061 joints, Mater. Today Proc., 2021, 47: 4350–4356
• [41] Kumar, S., Vimal, K.E.K., Khan, M.A., Kumar, Y., A hybrid learning approach for modelling the fabrication of super duplex stainless steel thin joints using GTAW process. Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf., 2024, 18(5): 3001–3014