Flame Retardancy of Paper Obtained with Environmentally Friendly Agents

• Autorzy: Katović D. , Bischof-Vukušić S. , Flinčec-Grgac S. , Lozo B. , Banić D.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Odporność na spalanie papieru otrzymanego przy użyciu czynników przyjaznych środowisku

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Flame retardancy was imparted through the addition of an organophosphorus agent which enhances paper utilisation and increases the value of paper products. For that purpose paper was impregnated with a solution containing a flame retardant agent, a binder and its catalyst, which was then linked during the curing step. N-hydroxymethyl-3-dimethylphosphonpropionamide was used as the organophosphorus flame retardant (FR) agent with two types of binders: either melamine formaldehyde or citric acid. The use of a bonding agent is necessary in order to form covalent linkages between the FR agent and cellulose macromolecules. The first binder type implements an etherification mechanism which requires phosphoric acid for the catalysation. Second binder type implements esterification mechanism which requires phosphono based catalysts. Citric acid represents a new class of environmentally friendly agents, and as such is recommended for usage. A non-durable flame retardant based on boron compounds was used in the study for comparison. Flame retardancy was tested according to the ISO 6940 and 6941 methods, as well as with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) technique according to ASTM D 2863-97, while the tensile indices were measured according to ISO 1924–2.

PL

Odporność na spalanie uzyskiwano za pomocą substancji fosforoorganicznych, które poprawiają jakość wyrobów papierowych. Papier impregnowano roztworem zawierającym środek zmniejszający palność, środki wiążące i katalizator a następnie poddawano stabilizacji. Stosowano N-hydroxymetyl-3-dimetylfosfonpropionamid z dwoma typami środków wiążących: żywica melaminowo-formaldehydowa lub kwas cytrynowy. Zastosowanie środka wiążącego jest konieczne w celu uzyskania kowalentnych wiązań pomiędzy środkiem zmniejszającym palność i makrocząsteczkami celulozy. Kwas cytrynowy reprezentuje nową klasę środków przyjaznych środowisku i jako taki jest rekomendowany do stosowania. Odporność na spalanie była testowana zgodnie z ISO 6940 i 6941, ASTM D 2863-97 i ISO 1924–2.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

paper; flame retardant finishing; organophosphorus agent; citric acid; LOI

PL

odporność na spalanie; papier; środek zmniejszający palność; kwas cytrynowy; wskaźnik graniczny tlenu

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Łódzki Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Vol. 17, no. 3 (74)
• Strony: 90--94
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 16 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Katović D.

• Department of Textile Chemistry & Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

autor

Bischof-Vukušić S.

• Department of Textile Chemistry & Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

autor

Flinčec-Grgac S.

• Department of Textile Chemistry & Ecology, Faculty of Textile Technology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

autor

Lozo B.

• Department of Materials in Printing Technology, Faculty of Graphic Art., University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

autor

Banić D.

• Department of Materials in Printing Technology, Faculty of Graphic Art., University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Bibliografia

• 1. Van Esch, G.J., Flame Retardants: A General Introduction, Environment Health Criteria (EHC) 192, 1997, ISBN 9241571926
• 2. LeVan, S.L., The role of boron in fameretardant treatments, 1st International Conference on Wood Protection With Diffusible Preservatives, Nashville, TN, 1990, Proceedings 47355, p. 28-30.
• 3. Bischof Vukušić, S., D. Katović, I. Soljačić, DP Finishing with Polycarboxylic Acid and some Phosphono-based Catalysts, AATCC Review, vol. 2, No. 10/2002, p. 26-28.
• 4. Katović, D. et.al., Organophosphorus Compounds for Fire Retardancy of Wood, Wood Research, 50, No. 2/2005, p. 59-65.
• 5. Schramm, C., S. Bischof Vukušić, D. Katović, Non-formaldehyde durable press finishing of dyed fabrics: evaluation of cotton-bound polycarboxylic acids, Coloration Technology, vol 118, No. 5/2002, p. 244-249.
• 6. Ellis, R.L.; Sedlachek, K.M., Recycled vs. virgin fber characteristics – a comparison, Asecondary fber recycling, Tappi Press, Atlanta, 1993, p. 7-19.
• 7. Smith, W., Brooks, E., Bunker, L., Anthology of Published Papers, Tappi Press, Begin, P. 2006, Evaluation of Provenance Paper Saver Deacidifcation Spray, Canadian Conservation Institute, Report No. 94837.
• 8. EN ISO 6940:2004 (E), Textile fabrics–Burning behaviour–Determination of ease of ignition of vertically oriented specimens.
• 9. EN ISO 6941:2003, Textile fabrics–Burning behaviour–Measurement of fame spread properties of vertically oriented specimens (ISO 6941:1984, including Amendment 1:1992).
• 10. TAPPI T 461 cm-00, Flame resistance of treated paper and paperboard.
• 11. ASTM E-84:1991, Standard test methods for free tests of building materials and construction, Philadelphia, PA, American Society for Testing and Materials.
• 12. ISO 1924–2 Determination of tensile properties Part 2 Constant rate of elongation method.
• 13. ISO 8791–2 Determination of roughness/smoothness (air leak methods) -Part 2: Bendtsen method.
• 14. ISO 536:1995 Determination of grammage.
• 15. ISO 534:2005 Determination of thickness, density and specific volume.
• 16. Begin, P: Evaluation of Provenance Paper-Saver De-acidification Spray, Canadian Conservation Institute, Report No. 94837, 2006.