Modification of activated carbon from processed salak fruit waste with Fe3O4 composite for removal of Pb(II) in wastewater

• Autorzy: Kusdarini Esthi , Kusuma Maritha Nilam , Budianto Agus , Atiyatussa'adah Eva , Garino Edo Augusta

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12912/27197050/196040

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Pb(II) is a heavy metal that is harmful to health and the environment. This metal is often found in industrial waste so it needs to be removed. One way to reduce these heavy metals is to use activated carbon. Various types of organic materials and agricultural waste can be made into activated carbon.. One of the agricultural wastes that has great potential as activated carbon is salak seeds. This research processed salak seeds into activated carbon and modified them into Magnetic Activated Carbon (MAC). The research aims to obtain: 1) the best operating conditions for activated carbon production and MAC; 2) characteristics of activated carbon and MAC; 3) % removal of Pb(II) from liquid waste with MAC; 4) isotherm adsorption equation Pb(II) by MAC; 5) the kinetics equation of Pb(II) adsorption by MAC. The research method is to make activated carbon by carbonization, chemical and physical activation. The chemical activator used is a mixture of phosphoric acid – hydrochloric acid with a composition (1: 1). The next step is to make a MAC from activated carbon. Activated carbon characteristics were tested using the BET, SEM, EDX, and ASTM standard proximate tests. The results showed that activated carbon met SNI standards with iodine number 1230.93-1256.31 mg/g, surface area 539.147 m2/g, pore volume 44.0262-112.5906 cc/g. MAC contains 1% water, 21.88% volatile matter, 38% ash, 39.12% fixed carbon, and 1243.62 mg/g iodine number. Further findings show that the adsorption isotherm equation is best using the Freundlich equation. The Freundlich equation constants n = 1.3530 and KF = 34.634 mg/g with R2 = 0.913, while the Langmuir equations b = 0.7442 L/mg and qm = 78.125 mg/g with R2 = 0.6692. The Pb(II) adsorption kinetics test by MAC showed pseudo-2nd order adsorption kinetics with the constant k2 = 0.2737 g/mg.min and R2 = 1.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

carbon active magnetic; friendly; Langmuir; Pb(II); salak seedes

• Wydawca: Lubelski Oddział Polskiego Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology ; WNGB Wydawnictwo Naukowe
• Czasopismo: Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Vol. 26, iss. 1
• Strony: 305--315
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kusdarini Esthi

• Faculty of Industrial Technology, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rachman Hakim 100, Surabaya, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7719-5614

autor

Kusuma Maritha Nilam

• Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rachman Hakim 100, Surabaya, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6063-043X

autor

Budianto Agus

• Faculty of Industrial Technology, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rachman Hakim 100, Surabaya, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1758-9707

autor

Atiyatussa'adah Eva

• Faculty of Industrial Technology, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rachman Hakim 100, Surabaya, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1189-4710

autor

Garino Edo Augusta

• Faculty of Industrial Technology, Adhi Tama Institute of Technology Surabaya, Jl. Arief Rachman Hakim 100, Surabaya, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6491-730X

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