Effectiveness of straw mulch on infiltration, splash erosion, runoff and sediment in laboratory conditions

• Autorzy: Gholami L. , Banasik K. , Sadeghi S. H. , Khaledi Darvishan A. , Hejduk L.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/jwld-2014-0022

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ pokrycia gleby ściółką na infiltrację, erozję rozbryzgową, spływ i rumowisko określony w warunkach laboratoryjnych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Mulches have extraordinary potential in reducing surface runoff, increasing infiltration of water into the soil and decreasing soil erosion. The straw mulches as a biological material, has the ability to be a significant physical barrier against the impact of raindrops and reduce the detachment of soil aggregates. The present study is an attempt to determine the efficiency of straw mulch as conservation treatment in changes in the splash erosion, time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient, infiltration coefficient, time-to-drainage, drainage coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss. The laboratory experiments have been conducted for sandy-loam soil taken from deforested area, about 15 km of Warsaw west, Poland under lab conditions with simulated rainfall intensities of 60 and 120 mm·h^–1, in 4 soil moistures of 12, 25, 33 and 40% and the slope of 9%. Compared with bare treatments, results of straw mulch application showed the significant conservation effects on splash erosion, runoff coefficient, sediment concentration and soil loss and significant enhancement effects on infiltration and drainage. The results of Spearman-Rho correlation showed the significant (p ≤ 0.05) correlation with r = –0.873, 0.873, 0.878 and 0.764 between rainfall intensity and drainage coefficient, downstream splash, sediment concentration and soil loss and with r = –0.976, 0.927 and –0.927 between initial soil moisture content and time-to-runoff, runoff coefficient and infiltration coefficient, respectively.

PL

Ściółka ze słomy może znacząco zmniejszać spływ powierzchniowy, powodując zwiększenie wsiąkania wody oraz zmniejszając erozję gleby. Ściółka jako materiał organiczny jest barierą redukującą także energię kinetyczną kropel deszczu, zmniejszając odspojenie i ograniczając transport agregatów glebowych. W prezentowanych badaniach podjęto próbę określenia wpływu ściółki ze słomy, jako środka ochronnego, na erozją rozbryzgową, czas do wystąpienia spływu, współczynnik spływu, koncentrację rumowiska i ilość zmywanej gleby. Doświadczenia laboratoryjne przeprowadzono w odniesieniu do piaszczystej gliny, pobranej z miejsca wylesionego, około 15 km na zachód od Warszawy, w symulowanych warunkach natężenia deszczu wynoszącego 60 i 120 mm·h^–1, wilgotności początkowej gleby 12, 25, 33 i 40% oraz spadku powierzchni 9%. Porównując te wyniki z wynikami doświadczenia przeprowadzonego w tych samych warunkach z glebą pozbawioną ściółki, wykazano znaczący wpływ redukujący w odniesieniu do erozji rozbryzgowej, współczynnika odpływu, koncentracji rumowiska i ilości zmywanej gleby oraz znaczący wpływ zwiększający wsiąkanie i odpływ podpowierzchniowy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

mulch; organic amendment; soil and water conservation; soil moisture; splash erosion

PL

erozja rozbryzgowa; materiał organiczny; ochrona wody i gleby; ochronne działanie ściółki; wilgotność gleby

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: no. 22
• Strony: 51--60
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 49 poz., fot., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Gholami L.

• Sari University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Faculty of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 578, Sari, Iran

autor

Banasik K.

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Sadeghi S. H.

• Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Faculty of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran

autor

Khaledi Darvishan A.

• Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Faculty of Natural Resources, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran

autor

Hejduk L.

• Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, ul. Nowoursynowska 159, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland

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