Nanoparticle research on four gasoline cars

• Autorzy: Czerwinski J. , Comte P. , Mayer A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/12314005.1134054

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The invisible nanoparticles (NP) from combustion processes penetrate easily into the human body through the respiratory and olfactory ways and carry numerous harmful health effects potentials. NP count concentrations are limited in EU for Diesel passenger cars since 2013 and for gasoline cars with direct injection (GDI) since 2014. The limit for GDI was temporary extended to 6 x 1012 #/km. Nuclei of metals as well as organics are suspected to significantly contribute especially to the ultrafine particle size fractions, and thus to the particle number concentration. In the present paper, some results of investigations of nanoparticles from four gasoline cars – an older one with MPI and three never with DI – are represented. The measurements were performed at vehicle tailpipe and in CVS-tunnel. The results show that the older vehicle with MPI emits high particle count concentrations. The size distributions of this vehicle are decisively bimodal with high numbers in nuclei mode. The emissions of the newer vehicles with DI show sometimes no typical uniform shape of particle size distributions and are at lower level, than for the older vehicle. There is no visible nuclei mode and the ultrafine particle concentrations below 10 nm are insignificant. Some of the newer, low-emitting vehicles show at constant speed operation a periodical fluctuation of the NPemissions. Increased NP-emissions at cold start were confirmed.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

gasoline cars; combustion engine; nanoparticles measurements (NP); NP fluctuation

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 21, No. 1
• Strony: 49--57
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 8 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Czerwinski J.

• University of Applied Sciences, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland (AFHB) Gwerdtstrasse 5, 2560 Nidau, Suisse tel.: [phone], fax: [phone]

autor

Comte P.

• University of Applied Sciences, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland (AFHB) Gwerdtstrasse 5, 2560 Nidau, Suisse tel.: [phone], fax: [phone]

autor

Mayer A.

• Technik Thermische Maschinen (TTM) Fohrhölzlistrasse 14b, CH-5443 Niederrohrdorf tel.: [phone], fax: [phone]

Bibliografia

• [1] Sgro, L. A., et al., Investigating the origin of nuclei particles in GDI engine exhausts, Combustion and Flame, 159(4): pp. 1687-1692, 2012.
• [2] Burtscher, H., Physical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: a review, Journal of Aerosol Science, 36(7): pp. 896-932, 2005.
• [3] Ulrich, A., Wichser, A., Analysis of additive metals in fuel and emission aerosols of diesel vehicles with and without particle traps, Analytical and Bioanalytical chemistry, 377(1): pp. 71-81, 2003.
• [4] Hu, S., et al., Metals emitted from heavy-duty diesel vehicles equipped with advanced PM and NOX emission controls, Atmospheric Environment, 43(18): pp. 2950-2959, 2009.
• [5] Mayer, A., Czerwinski, J., Ulrich, A., Mooney, J. J., Metal-Oxide Particles in Combustion Engine Exhaust, SAE Technical Paper 2010-01-0792, 2010.
• [6] Mayer, A., Czerwinski, J., Kasper, M., Ulrich, A., Mooney, J. J., Metal Oxide Particle Emissions from Diesel and Petrol Engines, SAE Technical Paper 2012-01-0841, 2012.
• [7] Ulrich, A., et al., Particle and metal emissions of diesel and gasoline engines are particle filters appropriate measures? Proceedings of the 16th ETH Conference on Combustion Generated Nanoparticles 2012.
• [8] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Astorga, C., Rey, M., Mayer, A., Reutimann, F., (Nano) Particles from 2-S Scooters: SOF / INSOF; Improvements of Aftertreatment, Toxicity, AFHB, JRC, TTM, BAFU, SAE Techn. Paper 2007-01-1089, 2007.