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Easy four-thousanders in the Alps: between alpinism and mass tourism

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The article discusses natural and anthropogenic conditions of the present-day exploration of five Alpine mountain peaks – selected for the purpose of the present paper – standing at 4000 meters above sea level or higher, including Allalinhorn, Breithorn, Gran Paradiso, Punta Gnifetti (Signalkuppe) and Zumsteinspitze, which are referred to as easy Alpine four-thousanders. A common belief that the summits are easily accessible contributes to a higher volume of tourists in their region, which, besides favorable and relatively safe natural conditions, is further facilitated by intensive development of tourism infrastructure including mountain huts and most of all mountain railways. The analysis of the contemporary phenomenon of climbing easy four-thousanders almost on a massive scale provides basis for a discussion on the ongoing human impact on the environment in the highest Alps and the blurring of boundaries between a sport and elite mountain feat that requires both special qualifications and considerable experience and an objectively average achievement accessible to almost every physically fit tourist.
Rocznik
Strony
119--128
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys.
Twórcy
  • UTP University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Abegg B., Agrawala S., Crick F., de Montfalcon A. 2007. Climate change impacts and adaptation in winter season. [In:] Agrawala S. (Eds.), Climate Change in European Alps: Adapting Winter Tourism and Natural Hazards Management. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris, 25-60.
  • Alte valli d’Ayas e del Lys Monte Rosa, Carta dei sentieri 1:25000, No. 8, Escursionista, Rimini, 2016.
  • Babicz J. 1995. Alpy Szwajcarskie. Wybór tras turystycznych i wspinaczkowych, Sklep Podróżnika, Warszawa [In Polish].
  • Babicz J., Tkaczyk D. 1994. Alpy. Wybór tras turystycznych i wspinaczkowych, Sklep Podróżnika, Warszawa [In Polish].
  • Bartaletti F. 2012. What Role Do the Alps Play within World Tourism?. Commission Internationale pour la Protection des Alpes. CIRPA.org.
  • Bätzing W. 1991. Die Alpen. Entstehung und Gefährdung einer europäischen Kulturlandschaft, München.
  • Bortenschlager S., Oeggl K. (Eds.) 2000. The Iceman and his Natural Environment. The Man in the Ice, Vol. 4, Springer, Wien, New York.
  • Czyż M. 2010. Why do we walk in the mountains? Or the alpine sports motivation in the light of the Jan Alfred Szczepański. Folia Turistica 23, 241-255 [In Polish with English Abstract].
  • EURAC 2007. Impacts of Climate Change on Winter Tourism in the Italian Alps. ClimChalp Report.
  • EUROSTAT, 2017. Tourism database, www.ec.europa.eu.
  • Fyffe A., Peter I. 1997. The Handbook of Climbing. Pelham Practical Sports Series, Pelham.
  • Gilaberte-Búrdalo M., López-Martín F., Pino-Otín M.R., López-Moreno J.L., 2014. Impacts of climate change on ski industry. Environmental Science. & Policy 44, 51-61.
  • Goedeke R. 2011. 3000er in den Nordalpen: die Normalwege - vom Berner Oberland über den Alpenhauptkamm bis zu den Hohen Tauern. Bruckmann, München [In German].
  • Goedeke R. 2012. 4000er, Die Normalwege auf alle Viertausender der Alpen. Bruckmann, München [In German], www.4000er.de.
  • Gonset C. 2013. Impact of snow variability on the Swiss winter tourism sector: implications in an era of climate change. Climatic Change 119, 307-320.
  • Kurek W. 2004. Turystyka na obszarach górskich Europy. Wybrane zagadnienia, IGiGP UJ, Kraków [In Polish].
  • Koenig U., Abegg B. 1997. Impacts of climate change on winter tourism in the Swiss Alps, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 5, 46-58.
  • Saas, Landeskarte der Schweiz 1:25000, No. 1329, Swisstopo, 2012.
  • Tranos E., Davoudi S. 2014. The regional impact of climate change on winter tourism in Europe, Tourism Planning and Development 11(2), 163-178.
  • UIAA, 1994. 4000er of the Alps - Official UIAA List. Bulletin UIAA 145, 9-16.
  • Valsavarenche, Gran Paradiso, Carta dei sentieri 1:25000, No. 9, Escursionista, Rimini, 2013.
  • Van der Straaten J. 2000, Sustainable tourism in mountain areas. [In:] Briassoulis H., Van der Straaten J. (Eds.), Tourism and the Environment. Springer, Dordrecht, 133-145.
  • Zermatt, Landeskarte der Schweiz 1:25000, No. 1348, Swisstopo, 2003.
  • Internet sources
  • www.summitpost.org
  • www.commons.wikimedia.org
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-6c38aa41-8377-4fef-80f4-816ebd52d97d
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