Navigation with ECDIS: Choosing the Proper Secondary Positioning Source

• Autorzy: Brčić D. , Kos S. , Žuškin S.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12716/1001.09.03.03

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The completion of ECDIS mandatory implementation period on-board SOLAS vessels requires certain operational, functional and educational gaping holes to be solved. It especially refers to positioning and its redundancy, which represents fundamental safety factor on-board navigating vessels. The proposed paper deals with primary and secondary positioning used in ECDIS system. Standard positioning methods are described, discussing possibilities of obtained positions’ automatic and manual implementation in ECDIS, beside default methods. With the aim of emphasizing the need and importance of using secondary positioning source in ECDIS, positioning issue from the standpoint of end-users was elaborated, representing a practical feedback of elaborated topic. The survey was conducted in the form of international questionnaire placed among OOWs, ranging from apprentice officers to captains. The result answers and discussion regarding (non)usage of secondary positioning sources in ECDIS were analysed and presented. Answers and statements were elaborated focusing not only in usage of the secondary positioning system in ECDIS, but in navigation in general. The study revealed potential risks arising from the lack of knowledge and even negligence. The paper concludes with summary of findings related to discrepancies between theoretical background, good seamanship practice and real actions taken by OOWs. Further research activities are pointed out, together with planned practical actions in raising awareness regarding navigation with ECDIS.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ECDIS; positioning system; Positioning Sensor; Positioning Source; ECDIS Founctions; Navigation with ECDIS; Secondary Positioning Source; watchkeeping

• Wydawca: Faculty of Navigation, Gdynia Maritime University
• Czasopismo: TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 9, no. 3
• Strony: 317--326
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 41 poz, rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Brčić D.

• Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

autor

Kos S.

• Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

autor

Žuškin S.

• Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia

Bibliografia

• 1 Bowditch, N. & NIMA. 2002. The American practical navigator. Arcata: Paradise Cay Publications.
• 2 Brčić, D., Kos, S. & Mohović, Đ. 2014. IMO requirements for navigational equipment. In Mohović, R. & Frančić, V. (eds.), Vademecum Maritimus. Rijeka: Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka.
• 3 Edmonds, D. 2007. 10 Things They Should have Told You About ECDIS. TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation 1(1):71‐ 76.
• 4 Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation. 2009. LT Cortesia Grounding Report. Available at: http://www.bsu‐bund.de/EN (13.03.2013).
• 5 Federal Bureau of Maritime Casualty Investigation. 2011. Beluga Revolution Grounding Report. Available at: http://www.bsu‐bund.de/EN (13.03.2013).
• 6 French Marine Accident Investigation Office. 2010. Sischem Osprey Stranding Report. Available at: http://www.beamer‐france.org/index‐en.html (13.03.2013)
• 7 GPS Directorate. 2013. IS‐GPS‐200H, Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interfaces. Los Angeles: Air Force Base, Systems engineering & Integration.
• 8 International Hydrographic Organization. 2010. IHO Publication S‐66e 1.0, Facts about Electronic Charts and Carriage Requirements, Edition 1.0.0. Monaco: International Hydrographic Bureau.
• 9 International Maritime Organization. 1991. Resolution A.694(17), General requirements for shipborne radio equipment forming part of the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS) and for electronic navigational aids. London: IMO.
• 10 International Maritime Organization. 1995. Resolution A.817(19), Performance standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). London: IMO.
• 11 International Maritime Organization. 1997. Resolution A.860(20), Maritime policy for a future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). London: IMO.
• 12 International Maritime Organization. 2000. Resolution MSC.112(73), Adoption of the revised performance standards for shipborne Global Positioning System (GPS) equipment. London: IMO.
• 13 International Maritime Organization. 2000. Resolution MSC.113(73), Adoption of the revised performance standards for shipborne GLONASS receiver equipment. London: IMO.
• 14 International Maritime Organization. 2000. Resolution MSC.114(73), Adoption of the revised performance standards for shipborne DGPS and DGLONASS maritime radio beacon equipment. London: IMO.
• 15 International Maritime Organization. 2000. Resolution MSC.115(73), Adoption of the revised performance standards for shipborne combined GPS/GLONASS receiver equipment. London: IMO.
• 16 International Maritime Organization. 2001. Resolution MSC.915(22), Revised Maritime policy and requirements for a future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). London: IMO.
• 17 International Maritime Organization. 2004. Circular letter SN/Circ.248, Guidelines for the presentation of navigation‐related symbols, terms and abbreviations. London: IMO.
• 18 International Maritime Organization. 2004. Resolution MSC.191(79), Performance standards for the presentation of navigation‐related information on shipborne navigational displays. London: IMO.
• 19 International Maritime Organization. 2006 Resolution MSC.232(82), Adoption of the revised performance standards for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). London: IMO.
• 20 International Maritime Organization. 2006. Resolution MSC.233(82), Adoption of the revised performance standards for shipborne Galileo receiver equipment. London: IMO.
• 21 International Maritime Organization. 2010. Model Course 1.27, Operational use of Electronic Chart Display and Information System. London, UK.
• 22 International Maritime Organization. 2011. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) 1974, with amendments. London: IMO.
• 23 International Maritime Organization. 2014. Resolution MSC.379(93), Performance standards for shipborne Beidou satellite navigation system (BDS) receiver equipment. London: IMO.
• 24 Kos, S., Pušić, D. & Brčić, D. 2013. Protection and Risks of ENC Data Regarding Safety of Navigation. In Weintrit, A. (ed.), Advances in Marine Navigation. Leiden: CRC Press.
• 25 Kos, S., Zorović, D. & Vranić, D. 2010. Terestrička i elektronička navigacija. Rijeka: Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka.
• 26 Marine Accident Investigation Branch. 2009. Pride of Canterbury Grounding Report. Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/ (17.03.2013).
• 27 Marine Accident Investigation Branch. 2012. CSL Thames Grounding Report. Available at: http://www.maib.gov.uk/ (13.03.2013).
• 28 National Transportation Safety Board. 1995. Royal Majesty Grounding Report. Available at: http://www.ntsb.gov/ (14.03.2013).
• 29 National Transportation Safety Board. 2007. Cosco Busan Allision Report. Available at: http://www.ntsb.gov/ (17.03.2013).
• 30 National Imagery and Mapping Agency. 2000. World Geodetic System 1984: Its Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems. Washington, DC: US DOD.
• 31 Nautical Studies and Maritime Transport Department. 2013. ECDIS Survey Analysis – Experience, Handling and Opinion. Rijeka: Faculty of Maritime Studies, University of Rijeka.
• 32 Norris, A. 2008. RADAR and AIS. London: The Nautical Institute.
• 33 Norris, A. 2010. ECDIS and positioning. London: The Nautical Institute.
• 34 Norris, A. 2012. ECDIS. (presentation) Celebrating Navigation Conference, Plymouth, 13‐14 September 2012. Plymouth: Plymouth University.
• 35 Parkinson, B.W. & Spilker Jr., J. J. (eds.). 1996. Global Positioning System: Theory and Applications. Volume I. Washington, DC: AIAA.
• 36 The Navigator. 2013. Positions, please. Navigator 4: 6‐7.
• 37 United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2009. NP 100, Mariner’s Handbook. Taunton: UKHO.
• 38 United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2014. NP 282, Admiralty List of Radio Signals. Volume 2. Taunton: UKHO.
• 39 Weintrit, A. & Stawicki, K. 2008. Operational requirements for Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). Risk of overreliance on ECDIS. Transport Problems 3(2): 67‐74.
• 40 Weintrit, A. 2009. The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) – An Operational Handbook. Abingdon: Taylor & Francis.
• 41 Žuškin, S., Brčić, D. & Šabalja, Đ. 2013. A contribution to improving the standards of ECDIS training. Scientific Journal of Maritime Research. 27(1): 131‐148.