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This article introduces a zinc metal layer structure integrated into a standard photovoltaic (PV) module, potentially serving a double purpose: as a light reflecting and re-directing diffuser, increasing the PV module overall efficiency, offering anodic protection of Ag/Sn interface against corrosion within the PV module structure. The ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) cross-linking degree and peel force measurements were carried out to check the quality of the encapsulation process for the modified modules. Finally, the electrical series resistance of PV modules was measured showing that the modified PV module almost maintained its initial series resistance after exposure to damp-heat conditions of 85 °C, 85% relative humidity for 1000 h, while the unmodified PV module increased its resistance by 5% under the same conditions.
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art. no. e152683
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Bibliogr. 20 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- Helioenergia sp. z o. o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
autor
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
autor
- Helioenergia sp. z o. o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
autor
- Helioenergia sp. z o. o., ul. Rybnicka 68, 44-238 Czerwionka-Leszczyny, Poland
autor
- University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
autor
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Reymonta 25, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
- University of Bielsko-Biala, ul. Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Solar Power Europe. Global Market Outlook for Solar Power 2022–2026 (2022). https://www.solarpowereurope.org/insights/market-outlooks/
- [2] International Energy Agency (IEA). Renewables 2020, Analysis and forecast to 2025 (2020). https://www.iea.org/reports/renewables-2020
- [3] Shell International. The energy transformation scenarios (2021). www.shell.com/transformationscenarios
- [4] Ajayan, J. et al. A review of photovoltaic performance of organic/inorganic solar cells for future renewable and sustainable energy technologies. Superlattices Microstruct. 143, 106549 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106549
- [5] German Mechanical Engineering Industry Association (VDMA). International Technology Roadmap for Photovoltaic (ITRPV), 14th Edition (2023). https://www.vdma.org/international-technology-roadmap-photovoltaic
- [6] Kuhn, T. E. et al. Review of technological design options for building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Energy Build. 231, 110381 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110381
- [7] Gholami, H, Røstvik, H. N. & Steemers, K. The contribution of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) to the concept of nearly zero-energy cities in Europe: Potential and challenges ahead. Energies 14, 6015 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196015
- [8] Barbusiński, K. et al. Influence of environmental conditions on the electrical parameters of side connectors in glass–glass photovoltaic modules. Energies 17, 680 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17030680
- [9] Kwaśnicki, P. et al. Characterization of the TCO layer on a glass surface for PV IInd and IIIrd generation applications. Energies 17, 3122 (2024). https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133122
- [10] Jeremiasz, O. et al. Laser modified glass for high-performance photovoltaic module. Energies 15, 6742 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/en15186742
- [11] Drabczyk, K., Sobik, P., Kulesza-Matlak, G. & Jeremiasz, O. Laser-induced backward transfer of light reflecting zinc patterns on glass for high performance photovoltaic modules. Materials 16, 7538 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247538
- [12] Kim, J.-H., Park, J., Kim, D. & Park, N. Study on mitigation method of solder corrosion for crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Int. J. Photoenergy 2014, 809075 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/809075
- [13] Kyranaki, N. et al. Damp-heat induced degradation in photovoltaic modules manufactured with passivated emitter and rear contact solar cells. Prog. Photovolt. 30, 1061–1071 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.3556
- [14] Segbefia, O. K, Akhtar, N. & Sætre, T. O. Moisture induced degradation in field-aged multicrystalline silicon photovoltaic modules. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 258, 112407 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2023.112407
- [15] Miller, D. et al. Examination of a Standardized Test for Evaluating the Degree of Cure of EVA Encapsulation. in 2013 Photovoltaic Science and Engineering Conference (Asian PVSEC) 1–19 (NREL, 2013).
- [16] ASTM International. ASTM D2765-16 (ISO 10147, Method B): Standard Test Methods for Determination of Gel Content and Swell Ratio of Crosslinked Ethylene Plastics. https://www.astm.org/d2765-16.html
- [17] Ketola, B. & Norris, A. Degradation Mechanism Investigation of Extended Damp Heat Aged PV Modules. in Proc. of the 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference (EUPVSEC) 3523–3528 (PVSEC, 2011).
- [18] Czanderna, A. W. & Pern, F. J. Encapsulation of PV modules using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer as a pottant: A critical review. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 43, 101–181 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1016/0927-0248(95)00150-6
- [19] Kempe, M. D. et al. Acetic acid production and glass transition concerns with ethylene-vinyl acetate used in photovoltaic devices. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91, 315–329 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2006.10.009
- [20] Quintana, M. A., King, D. L., McMahon, T. J. & Osterwald, C. R. Commonly Observed Degradation in Field-Aged Photovoltaic Modules. in Conference Record of the 29th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference 1436–1439 (IEEE, 2002
Uwagi
This work is part of a PhD thesis entitled “Laminating processes of photovoltaic (PV) modules based on materials modified by laser surface treatment techniques” carried out as part of the “Implementation Doctorate” program of the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education Project: DWD/4/42/2020.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-6c2ac287-05d7-4aa7-b102-551046ea4a53