Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in Bhojpur District of Bihar, India: A Threat to Sustainability

• Autorzy: Ranjan Avinash , Kumari Pammy

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.35784/pe.2022.2.24

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zanieczyszczenie wód gruntowych arsenem w dystrykcie Bhojpur w stanie Bihar w Indiach: zagrożenie dla zrównoważonego rozwoju

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Arsenic contamination of water is now a global problem. More than 100 countries, including India, are facing a high level of arsenic in the groundwater. There is a wide range of negative impacts of arsenic contamination on society and the economy, threatening sustainability in the contaminated areas. To examine the magnitude and effects of arsenic in the Shahpur block of the Bhojpur district, Bihar, India, we tested groundwater samples from many different locations. The household survey and personal interviews were conducted to find out the societal response to this problem. Sample testing results confirm that there is a high rate of arsenic contamination in the area. Our study found that; low education level of the area is hampering the sustainable solution of the problem. We came to know that people who are suffering from arsenic diseases are discriminated against the society. Further, we have also found that the economic burdens of arsenic contamination are more on the marginalized section of the community. Since crops are irrigated with high arsenic concentrated water, soil quality is degrading, responsible for poor agriculture output and economic loss. It has also been found that most of the mitigation measures employed are not sustainable in the long term. Awareness regarding arsenic toxicity is needed for the sustainable intervention of this problem. After examining all the mitigation measures, we concluded that rainwater harvesting and rooftop rain harvesting is the most sustainable and cost-effective measure to tackle this menace.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

sustainability; arsenic contamination; groundwater; water accessibility; socio-economic burden

PL

zrównoważony rozwój; zanieczyszczenie arsenem; wody gruntowe; dostępność wody; obciążenia społeczno-ekonomiczne

• Wydawca: Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Problemy Ekorozwoju
• Rocznik: 2022
• Tom: Vol. 17, nr 2
• Strony: 218--229
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 50 poz., fig., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Ranjan Avinash

• Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dhanbad, India

autor

Kumari Pammy

• Ranchi University, Department of Environmental Sciences, Ranchi, India

Bibliografia

• 1. ABDUL K.S.M., JAYASINGHE S.S., CHANDANA E.P.S., JAYSUMANA C., DE SILVA P.M.C.S., 2015, Arsenic and human health effects: A review, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol, 40: 828-846.
• 2. ADELOJU S.B., KHAN S., PATTI A.F., 2021, Arsenic contamination of groundwater and its implications for drinking water quality and human health in under-developed countries and remote communities - A Review, Appl. Sci, 11, 1926.
• 3. AHMAD S.A., SAYED M.H., BARUA S., KHAN M.H., FARUQUEE M.H., JALIL A., HADI S.A., TALUKDER H.K., 2001, Arsenic in drinking water and pregnancy outcomes, Environ. Health Perspect, 109: 629-631.
• 4. ATSDR, 2019, Arsenic Toxicity: What are the Physiologic Effects of Arsenic Exposure, Agency Toxic Subst. Dis. Regist, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/csem/csem.html.
• 5. BHATTACHARYA A.K., 2019, Arsenic Contamination in the Groundwater of West Bengal, Jharkhand and Bihar with a Special Focus on the Stabilization of Arsenic-Laden Sludge from Arsenic Filters, EJGE, 24: 1-23.
• 6. BIS, 2012, Drinking Water Specification (Second Revision), New Delhi.
• 7. BOYLE R.W., JONASSON I.R., 1973, The geochemistry of arsenic and its use as an indicator, J. Geochemical Explor, 2: 251-296.
• 8. CGWB, 2013, Ground Water Information Booklet: Bhojpur District, Bihar, Patna.
• 9. CGWB, 2016, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India, http://www.cgwb.gov.in/Dynamic-GW-Resources.html.
• 10. CGWB, 2018, Groundwater Quality in Shallow Aquifers in India, Faridabad.
• 11. CHEN Y., FACTOR-LITVAK P., HOWE G.R., GRAZIANO J.H., BRANDT-RAUF P., PARVEZ F., GEEN A., VAN AHSAN H., 2007, Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water, Dietary Intakes of B Vitamins and Folate and Risk of High Blood Pressure in Bangladesh: A Population-based, Cross-sectional Study, Am. J. Epidemiol, 165: 541-552.
• 12. DAS A., ROY J., CHAKRABORTI S., 2016, Socio-Economic Analysis of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater in West Bengal, Springer.
• 13. GENUIS S.J., 2009, Toxicant exposure and mental health - Individual, social, and public health considerations, J. Forensic Sci., 54: 474-477.
• 14. GIRI P.K., BHATTACHARYYA K., SINHA B., ROY N.R., 2011, Mitigation options of arsenic uptake by rice plant in arsenic endemic area, ORYZA-An Int. J. Rice, 48: 127-131.
• 15. HUANG S., CHENG Y., GUO H., 2019, Arsenic Exposure in Drinking Water and Occurrence of Chronic Kidney Disease:The Association and Effect Modifications by Comorbidities, Environ. Epidemiol., 3: 167.
• 16. INDIAWATERPORTAL, https://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/ahar-pynes-traditional-flood-harvesting-systemssouth-bihar.
• 17. JHA, P.K., TRIPATHI, P., 2021, Arsenic and fluoride contamination in groundwater: a review of global scenarios with special reference to India, Groundw. Sustain. Dev., 100576.
• 18. KWOK R.K., KAUFMANN R.B., JAKARIYA M., 2006, Arsenic in drinking-water and reproductive health outcomes:A study of participants in the Bangladesh integrated nutrition programme, J. Heal. Popul. Nutr., 24: 190-205.
• 19. MANDAL B.K., SUZUKI K.T., 2002, Arsenic round the world: A review, Talanta, 58: 201-35.
• 20. MUKHERJEE A., SCANLON B.R., FRYAR A.E., SAHA D., GHOSH A., CHOWDHURI S., MISHRA R., 2012, Solute chemistry and arsenic fate in aquifers between the Himalayan foothills and Indian craton (including central Gangetic plain): influence of geology and geomorphology. Geochim, Cosmochim, Acta, 90: 283-302.
• 21. NAUJOKAS M.F., ANDERSON B., AHSAN H., APOSHIAN H.V., GRAZIANO J.H., THOMPSON C., SUK W.A., 2013, The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure: update on a worldwide public health problem, Environ. Health Perspect, 121: 295-302.
• 22. NICKSON R.T., MCARTHUR J.M., RAVENSCROFT P., BURGESS W.G., AHMED K.M., 2000, Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal, Appl. Geochemistry, 15: 403-413.
• 23. NITI AAYOG, 2018, Composite Water Management Index 2018.
• 24. PARVEZ F., CHEN Y., BRANDT-RAUF P.W., SLAVKOVICH V., ISLAM T., AHMED A., ARGOS M., HASSAN R., YUNUS M., HAQUE S.E., BALAC O., GRAZIANO J.H., AHSAN H., 2010, A prospective study of respiratory symptoms associated with chronic arsenic exposure in Bangladesh: Findings from the health effects of arsenic longitudinal study (HEALS), Thorax, 65: 528-533.
• 25. PLANNING COMMISSION OF INDIA, 2007, Report of the task force on formulating action plan for removal of arsenic contamination in West Bengal, New Delhi.
• 26. RANJAN A., 2019, Spatial Analysis of Arsenic Contamination of Groundwater around the World and India, Ijissh, 4(10):6-15.
• 27. RAVENSCROFT P., BRAMMER H., RICHARDS K., BRAMMER H., 2009, Arsenic Pollution: A Global Synthesis, Wiley-Blackwell.
• 28. ROY,J., 2008, Economic benefits of arsenic removal from ground water - A case study from West Bengal, India, Sci. Total Environ., 397: 1-12.
• 29. SAHA D., MARWAHA S., MUKHERJEE A., 2017, Groundwater Resources and Sustainable Management Issues in India, Clean and Sustainable Groundwater in India, eds. Saha D., Marwaha S., Mukherjee A., Springer Singapore, Singapore.
• 30. SAHA D., SARANGAM S.S., 2010, Evaluation of hydrogeochemical processes in arsenic-contaminated alluvial aquifers in parts of Mid-Ganga Basin , Bihar , Eastern India, 799–811.
• 31. SAHU S., SAHA D., 2015, Role of shallow alluvial stratigraphy and Holocene geomorphology on groundwater arsenic contamination in the Middle Ganga Plain, India, Environmental Earth Science, 73: 3523–3536, DOI: 10.1007/s12665-014-3637-3.
• 32. SALETH R.M., 2011, Water scarcity and climatic change in India: the need for water demand and supply management, Hydrol. Sci. J., 56: 671-686.
• 33. SANCHEZ, T.R., PERZANOWSKI, M., GRAZIANO, J.H., 2016, Inorganic arsenic and respiratory health, from early life exposure to sex-specific effects: A systematic review, Environ. Res., 147: 537–555.
• 34. SC & ST, EMPOWERMENT OF THE SOCIALLY DISADVANTAGED GROUPS, https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/plans/mta/mta-9702/mta-ch14.pdf.
• 35. SINGH N., SINGH O.P., 2020, Sustainable arsenic mitigation: Problems and prospects in India, Arsenic Water Resources Contamination, Springer, pp, 131-156.
• 36. SINGH R., SINGH S., PARIHAR P., PRATAP V., 2015, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Arsenic contamination, consequences and remediation techniques: A review, Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf., 112: 247-270.
• 37. SINGH S.K., 2017, Conceptual framework of a cloud-based decision support system for arsenic health risk assessment, Environ. Syst. Decis., 37: 435-450.
• 38. SINGH S.K., STERN E.A., 2017, Global arsenic contamination: living with the poison nectar, Environ. Sci. Policy Sustain. Dev., 59: 24-28.
• 39. SMEDLEY P.L., KINNIBURGH D.G., 2002, A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters, Appl. Geochemistry, 17: 517-568.
• 40. SPARKS D.L., 2005. Toxic metals in the environment: the role of surfaces, Elements, 1: 193-197.
• 41. SUMAN S., SHARMA P.K., SIDDIQUE A.B., RAHMAN M.A., KUMAR R., RAHMAN M.M., BOSE N., SINGH S.K., GHOSH A.K., MATTHEWS H., MONDAL D., 2020, Wheat is an emerging exposure route for arsenic in Bihar, India, Sci. Total Environ, 703, 134774.
• 42. SYED E.H., POUDEL K.C., SAKISAKA K., YASUOKA J., AHSAN H., JIMBA M., 2012. Quality of Life and Mental Health Status of Arsenic-affected Patients in a Bangladeshi Population, J. Heal. Popul. Nutr., 30: 262-269.
• 43. THAKUR B.K., GUPTA V., 2016, Arsenic concentration in drinking water of Bihar: health issues and socio-economic problems, J. Water, Sanit. Hyg. Dev., 6: 331-341.
• 44. UN, 2000, Millenium Development Goals, https://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/.
• 45. UN, 2015, Sustainable Development Goals, https://sdgs.un.org/goals.
• 46. VAHTER M., 2009, Effects of Arsenic on Maternal and Fetal Health, Annu. Rev. Nutr., 29: 381-399.
• 47. WASSERMAN G.A., LIU X., PARVEZ F., AHSAN H., FACTOR-LITVAK P., GEEN A. VAN, SLAVKOVICH V., LOIACONO N.J., CHENG Z., HUSSAIN I., MOMOTAJ H., GRAZIANO J.H., 2004, Children’s Health Article Water Arsenic Exposure and Children’s Intellectual Function in Araihazar, Environ. Health Perspect, 112: 1329-1333.
• 48. WASSERMAN G.A., LIU X., PARVEZ F., AHSAN H., FACTOR-LITVAK P., KLINE J., VAN GEEN A., SLAVKOVICH V., LOLACONO N.J., LEVY D., CHENG Z., GRAZIANO J.H., 2007, Water arsenic exposure and intellectual function in 6-year-old children in Araihazar, Bangladesh, Environ. Health Perspect, 115: 285=289.
• 49. WCED, 1987, Our Common Future, oxford University Press, New York.
• 50. WHO, 2011, Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality: 396-397.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).