Numerical analysis of the strength and stiffness of triggo light electric vehicle body

• Autorzy: Stachowicz Łukasz , Boczkowska Anna , Budweil Rafał

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.62753/ctp.2025.01.1.1

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

TRIGGO is one of the first vehicles to effectively combine the manoeuvrability and parking advantages of twowheelers with the safety and comfort features comparable to those of small passenger cars. It is intended for use in a short-term rental network and should be characterised by low energy consumption. To this end, it is reasonable to optimise the vehicle's design towards minimising weight. The use of composites in the TRIGGO body structure enabled a reduction in the ready-to-drive vehicle weight and optimal utilisation of the available space. This choice makes it possible to keep the body weight low while ensuring appropriate mechanical properties. The subject of this paper is numerical analyses of the strength and stiffness of the TRIGGO light vehicle body made of glass-epoxy composites. The scope of the work includes the construction of a computational model of the TRIGGO vehicle body made by the RTM method with a double skin and foam core, in addition to calculations of the stiffness and strength of the structure during body load tests. For this purpose, an FEM computational model was built based on the 3D body model. The body of the RTM version of the TRIGGO vehicle consists of 27 separate components, which are connected to each other by rigid bonded contacts. The composite structures with foam cores were modelled as single-layer shell elements including all the layers of the composite, and a foam spacer. Three design cases were developed: P1.1 - vertical-transverse body loading, P1.2 - vertical-longitudinal body loading, P1.3 - vertical-longitudinal body loading with a horizontal force component. The calculation cases were determined based on "Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to requirements for the functional safety of vehicles for the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles", in particular Annex XI of this document. The calculations prove that the glass-epoxy body of the TRIGGO light vehicle meets the requirements for strength and stiffness.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

TRIGGO electric car; automotive; FEM; GFRP; RTM; polymer matrix composites

PL

samochód elektryczny TRIGGO; motoryzacja; FEM; GFRP; RTM; kompozyt

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Materiałów Kompozytowych
• Czasopismo: Composites Theory and Practice
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: R. 25, nr 1
• Strony: 38--48
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 12 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Stachowicz Łukasz

• TRIGGO S.A., Kolejowa 53, 05-092 Łomianki, Poland

autor

Boczkowska Anna

• Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland

autor

Budweil Rafał

• TRIGGO S.A., Kolejowa 53, 05-092 Łomianki, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles.
• [2] A. Elmarakbi, Advanced composite materials for automotive applications. Structural integrity and crashworthiness, 2014.
• [3] Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 3/2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 168/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to vehicle functional safety requirements for the approval of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles.
• [4] A. Boczkowska, Ł. Stachowicz, R. Budweil, Development of a method for producing composite parts of the TRIGGO electric car based on A.S.SET epoxy resin powder - feasibility study, Composites Theory and Practice 24: 4 (2024) https://doi.org/10.62753/ctp.2024.06.4.4
• [5] WAT, Substantive report on research work. Experimental research on the strength of the TRIGGO vehicle body, 2021.
• [6] CIM-mes, Vehicle body strength testing. Part 1: performance of static-dynamic analyses of the rollover protective structure (ROPS) and seat belt anchorage points, 2019.
• [7] CIM-mes, Testing the strength of the body of the TRIGGO vehicle in RTM version, 2020.
• [8] Y. Chen, G. Liu, Z. Zhang, et al. Integrated design technique for materials and structures of vehicle bodies under crash safety considerations. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 56, 455-472 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-017-1674-8
• [9] E. Mangino and E. Indino, The use of composite materials in vehicle design, Design and Structural Simulation of Composites in Transportation 2002 (Genoa).
• [10] P.K. Mallick, Materials, Design, and Manufacturing for Lightweight Vehicles, 2021.
• [11] S. Borazjani, G. Belingardi, Development of an innovative design of a composite-sandwich based vehicle roof structure, Composites Structures 168, 522-534 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.02.015
• [12] ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery - Roll-overprotective structures - Laboratory tests and performance requirements.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki (2025).