Conventional and alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers used in gun propellants

• Autorzy: Gańczyk-Specjalska Katarzyna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.22211/matwys/0175

Warianty tytułu

PL

Konwencjonalne i alternatywne stabilizatory nitrocelulozy stosowane w prochach

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The European Union industry must adapt to the requirements of the REACH regulations, which aim to improve human health and to protect the environment by using less toxic chemicals. The technology for producing nitrocellulose propellants utilises stabilisers that bond volatile products with autocatalytic properties of nitroester degradation. During this process, N-nitroso derivatives are formed, which exhibit toxic/carcinogenic properties. Moreover, some of the impurities found in stabilisers are characterised by toxic properties (e.g. in diphenylamine). In recent years, intensive research has been carried out on alternative nitrocellulose stabilisers with properties similar to or better than conventional stabilisers. The published studies on this subject mainly present research on chromatographic analysis, evaluation of stability using various methods and thermochemical analysis.

PL

Przemysł w Unii Europejskiej musi dostosować się do wymagań stawianych w rozporządzeniu REACH, które ma na celu polepszenie zdrowia człowieka i ochrony środowiska poprzez stosowanie mniej toksycznych substancji chemicznych. W technologii wytwarzania prochów nitrocelulozowych stosuje się stabilizatory, które wiążą lotne produkty o właściwościach autokatalitycznych rozkładu nitroestrów. W trakcie tego procesu powstają N-nitrozopochodne, które mają właściwości toksyczne/kancerogenne. Również niektóre zanieczyszczenia występujące w stabilizatorach charakteryzują się właściwościami toksycznymi (np. w difenyloaminie). W ostatnich latach prowadzone są intensywne badania nad alternatywnymi stabilizatorami nitrocelulozy, które będą charakteryzowały się właściwościami zbliżonymi lub lepszymi do konwencjonalnych stabilizatorów. W opublikowanych pracach w tej tematyce przedstawiane są głównie badania z analiz chromatograficznych, stabilności różnymi metodami oraz analiz termochemicznych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

decomposition of nitrocellulose; "green” stabilisers; eutectic

PL

rozkład nitrocelulozy; zielone stabilizatory; eutektyk

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
• Czasopismo: Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: T. 11(2)
• Strony: 73--82
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 44 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Gańczyk-Specjalska Katarzyna

• Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, 6 Annopol Street, 03-236 Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

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