Traffic-related particle emissions and exposure on an urban road

Połednik, B.; Piotrowicz, A.; Pawłowski, L.; Guz, Ł.

doi:10.24425/119706

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Traffic-related particle emissions and exposure on an urban road

Autorzy

Połednik B. , Piotrowicz A. , Pawłowski L. , Guz Ł.

Treść / Zawartość

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DOI

10.24425/119706

Warianty tytułu

Emisja cząstek ze źródeł komunikacyjnych w mieście

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Extensive aerosol particle concentrations are one of the factors contributing to poor air quality in cities. The aim of this study is to assess particle number and mass concentrations on a road in Lublin, Poland, in peak and off-peak traffic hours and its impact on the particle exposure for commuters and pedestrians. Mobile monitoring and fixed-site measurements on the sidewalk along the established 2.1 km long route were conducted with the use of Mobile Air Pollution Analytic Laboratory equipped, among other things, with instruments measuring the real-time number and mass concentrations of particles with size range from 10 nm to 32 μm. The highest average concentrations of ultrafine particle number PN_0.1 (25.4 ±11×10³ pt/cm³; mean ± standard deviation), total particle number PN (29.2 ±12×10³ pt/cm³) as well as mass concentrations of PM_2.5 (29.1 ±7.6 μg/m³) and PM₁₀ (45.4 ±10.3 μg/m³) were obtained in peak traffic hours for the part of the route with the most intensive traffic. The average particle number concentrations for the entire route and the part of route with the most intensive traffic in peak times were found to be about 3 to 4 times higher than in off-peak times. The average particle mass concentrations were about twice as high. Furthermore, the average values of the examined particle number and mass concentrations were higher for the on-road measurements than for fixed-site measurements. Moreover, a greater percentage of ultrafine particles was observed during mobile monitoring than in the fixed-site measurement points. It was established that a greater number and mass of particles, irrespectively of their size range, is deposited in the respiratory tract of commuters and pedestrians in peak hours than in off-peak hours. In peak times the average particle doses received by commuters and pedestrians equaled 4.8 ±2.4×10⁹ pt/h or 29.6 ±10.7 μg/h (PM₁₀) and 4.2 ±2.3×10⁹ pt/h or 29.6 ±8.6 μg/h (PM₁₀), respectively. Additionally, in both peak and off-peak hours greater particle doses were determined in the considered part of the route with the most intensive traffic; however, in off-peak traffic times pedestrians are more exposed to traffic-related pollutants than commuters. Overall, the obtained results reflect the importance of traffic-related particle emission measurements for exposure evaluations and the need of taking the actions aimed at decreasing it.

Celem pracy było określenie stężenia liczbowego i masowego cząstek na wybranych ulicach Lublina w godzinach szczytu oraz poza szczytem, a także ocena narażenia kierowców i pieszych na ich oddziaływanie. W ramach badań przeprowadzono zarówno pomiary mobilne, jak i stacjonarne w określonych punktach pomiarowych na trasie o długości 2,1 km. Mierzono w czasie rzeczywistym między innymi stężenia liczbowe i masowe cząstek o rozmiarach w zakresie od 10 nm do 32 μm. Najwyższe średnie koncentracje ultradrobnych cząstek PN_0.1 (25,4 ±11×10³ #/cm³) oraz koncentracje całkowitej liczby cząstek PN (29,2 ±12×10³ #/cm³), a także stężenia masowe PM_2.5 (29,1 ±7,6 μg/m³) oraz PM₁₀ (45,4 ±10,3 μg/m³) rejestrowano w godzinach szczytu na wydzielonym odcinku trasy o największej intensywności ruchu. Średnie koncentracje cząstek mierzone w godzinach szczytu dla całej trasy oraz dla wydzielonego odcinka były, w zależności od wielkości cząstek, ok. 3-4 razy większe w porównaniu do wyników pomiarów dla godzin pozaszczytowych. Z kolei średnie stężenia masowe cząstek były około dwa razy większe. Ponadto, większe średnie stężenia liczbowe i masowe cząstek odnotowano dla pomiarów mobilnych niż dla stacjonarnych. Wyznaczone dawki dotyczące liczby i masy cząstek deponowanych w drogach oddechowych kierowców w godzinach szczytu wynosiły odpowiednio 4,8 ±2,4×10⁹ #/h i 29,6 ±10,7 μg/h (PM₁₀). Zarówno dla godzin szczytu, jak i poza szczytem, większe dawki deponowanych cząstek uzyskano dla wydzielonego odcinka trasy o największej intensywności ruchu. Podsumowując, otrzymane wyniki wskazują na istotność pomiarów cząstek emitowanych ze źródeł komunikacyjnych, szczególnie w kontekście narażenia uczestników ruchu drogowego na te cząstki.

Słowa kluczowe

vehicle emissions mobile monitoring particle concentration commuters deposition dose

emisje motoryzacyjne monitoring mobilny stężenie cząstek uczestnik ruchu drogowego narażenie zdrowotne dawka osadzająca

Wydawca

Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences

Czasopismo

Archives of Environmental Protection

Rocznik

2018

Tom

Vol. 44, no. 2

Strony

83--93

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 38 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Połednik B.

Lublin University of Technology, Poland

autor

Piotrowicz A.

a.piotrowicz@wis.pol.lublin.pl

Lublin University of Technology, Poland

autor

Pawłowski L.

Lublin University of Technology, Poland

autor

Guz Ł.

Lublin University of Technology, Poland

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-695234a6-101d-4090-88af-1868b67384e8