Wodór jako paliwo w zastosowaniach cywilnych i militarnych

• Autorzy: Gąsior P. , Kaleta J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Hydrogen as a fuel in civil and military applications

• Języki publikacji: PL EN

Abstrakty

PL

Znaczenie i zastosowanie wodoru jako nośnika energii stale rośnie. Może być on używany bezpośrednio w silnikach spalinowych lub turbinach, ale najwyższą sprawność energetyczną (łączną: elektryczną i cieplną), o wartości nawet 70-80%, uzyskuje się stosując ogniwa paliwowe. W pracy przedstawiono przykłady projektów badawczych i wdrożeń z zakresu transportu i energetyki, w aplikacjach cywilnych i wojskowych. Zaletą rozwiązań szczególnie ważnych w zastosowaniach militarnych - poza sprawnością - jest ponadto cicha praca (ang.: low noise signature) i niewielki tzw. ślad termiczny (ang.: low heat signature), które utrudniają wykrycie obiektów wojskowych zasilanych przy pomocy ogniw paliwowych. Istotna jest również wysoka niezawodność (brak części ruchomych, eliminacja smarowania), bezobsługowość (minimalne koszty utrzymania) i zdalne sterowanie oraz niska emisja substancji szkodliwych. Ważnym atutem jest też możliwość wytworzenia paliwa na miejscu (elektrolizery) oraz wykorzystanie dostępnych lokalnie innych źródeł energii i paliw (z użyciem tzw. reformerów) do wytwarzania wodoru. Kluczowe znaczenie ma fakt, iż wszystkie przytoczone przykłady zaliczyć można do technologii podwójnego zastosowania.

EN

The importance and the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier have been constantly growing. It can be used directly in combustion engines or turbines, but the highest energetic efficiency (total: electric and heat) even to 70-80% can be obtained by using fuel cells. The paper presents examples of research projects and implementations in transport and power engineering for civilian and military applications. Low noise and heat signatures making object difficult to detect belong to advantages which beyond efficiency are particularly important in military applications. There are also important high reliability (no moving parts, elimination of lubrication), maintenance-free (negligible operational costs), remote control and low emissions of environmentally damaging products. A possibility for producing the fuel on site (by electrolysis), or using other locally available sources of energy and fuel to produce hydrogen (i.e. by using reformers) is another benefit. Moreover it is crucial that all the examples cited above may be included in category of dual-use technologies.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

wodór; ogniwa paliwowe; aplikacje militarne; aplikacje cywilne

EN

hydrogen; fuel cell; military applications; civilian applications

• Wydawca: Wojskowy Instytut Techniczny Uzbrojenia
• Czasopismo: Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: R. 45, z. 138
• Strony: 101--117
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 49 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Gąsior P.

• Katedra Mechaniki i Inżynierii Materiałowej, Wydział Mechaniczny Politechniki Wrocławskiej

autor

Kaleta J.

• Katedra Mechaniki i Inżynierii Materiałowej, Wydział Mechaniczny Politechniki Wrocławskiej

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Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.