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Cultural Ergonomics in Ghana, West Africa: A Descriptive Survey of Industry and Trade Workers’ Interpretations of Safety Symbols

Treść / Zawartość
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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Globalization and technology transfer have led to the diffusion of risk communications to users from cultures that were not initially viewed as the target users. This study examined industry and trade workers’ overall impressions of symbols used to convey varying degrees of hazardousness. Six symbols, including symbols from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Z535 Standard (ANSI, 1998) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3864:1984 Standard (ISO, 1984) were selected. With the exception of the SKULL symbol, results showed wide discrepancies between users’ perceptions of the symbols and their intended meanings. Implications for cross-cultural research on warning components and risk communications are discussed.
Rocznik
Strony
37--50
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
  • University of Ghana-Legon, Accra-Legon, Ghana, West Africa
Bibliografia
  • 1.American National Standards Institute (ANSI). (1998). Accredited standard on safety signs and colors (Standard No. ANSI Z535.1-5). Arlington, VA, USA: National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
  • 2.Carroll, D.W. (1994). Psychology of language (2nd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA, USA: Brooks/Cole.
  • 3.Chapanis, A. (1974). National and cultural variables in ergonomics. Ergonomics, 17, 153-175.
  • 4.Clancey, W.J. (1993). Situated cognition: How representations are created and given meaning. In R. Lewis & P. Mendelsohn (Eds.), Lessons from learning (pp. 231-242). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: International Federation for Information Processing Conference & Elsevier Science, North-Holland.
  • 5.Clark, H.H. (1985). Words, the world, and their possibilities. In G.R. Lockhead & J.R. Pomerantz (Eds.), The perception of structure (pp. 264-277). Washington, DC, USA: American Psychological Association.
  • 6.Department of Geography and Resources Development. (1990). Demographic studies and projections for Accra Metropolitan Area (AMA). Unpublished report.
  • 7.Droomers, M., Schrijvers, C.T., van de Mheen, H., & Mackenbach, J.P. (1998). Educational differences in leisure-time physical inactivity: A descriptive and explanatory study. Social Science and Medicine, 47, 1665-1676.
  • 8.Earley, P.C., Gibson, C.B., & Chen, C.C. (1999). ‘‘How did I do?’’ versus ‘‘how did we do?’’ Cultural contrasts of performance feedback use and self-efficacy. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 30, 594-619.
  • 9.Ghana Statistical Service. (2000). Ghana living standards survey 4. Accra, Ghana: Author.
  • 10.Hendrick, H., & Kleiner, B.M. (2001). Macroergonomics: An introduction to work system design [Monograph]. Santa Monica, CA, USA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
  • 11.Hofstede, G. (1991). Empirical models of cultural differences. In N. Bleichrodt & P.J.K. Drenth (Eds.), Contemporary issues in cross-cultural psychology (pp. 4-20). Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
  • 12.Hofstede, G.H. (1997). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind. New York, NY, USA: McGraw-Hill.
  • 13.Hollnagel, R. (1997). Cognitive ergonomics: It’s all in the mind. Ergonomics, 40, 1170-1182.
  • 14.Hsee, C.K., & Weber, E.U. (1999). Cross-national differences in risk preference and lay predictions. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 12, 165-179.
  • 15.Huer, M.B. (2000). Examining perceptions of graphic symbols across cultures: Preliminary study of the impact of culture/ethnicity. Augmentative & Alternative Communication, 16, 180-185.
  • 16.Hupka, R.B., Zaleski, Z., Otto, J., Reidl, L., & Tarabrina, N.V. (1997). The colors of anger, envy, fear, and jealousy: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 28, 156-171.
  • 17.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). (1984). Safety colours and safety signs (Standard No. ISO 3864:1984). Geneva, Switzerland: Author.
  • 18.Kaplan, M. (1995). The culture of work: Cultural ergonomics. Ergonomics, 38, 606-615.
  • 19.Kleiner, B.M. (1999). Macroergonomics analysis and design for improved safety and quality performance. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 5, 217-245.
  • 20.Kouabenan, D.R. (1998). Beliefs and the perception of risks and accidents. Risk Analysis, 18, 243-252.
  • 21.Lachman, M.E., & Weaver, S.L. (1998). The sense of control as a moderator of social classdifferences in health and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 763-773.
  • 22.Laughery, K.R., & Brelsford, J.W. (1991). Receiver characteristics in safety communications. Proceedings of the Human Factors Society 35th Annual Meeting (pp. 1068-1072). Santa Monica, CA, USA: Human Factors Society.
  • 23.Leonard, S.D., Otani, H., & Wogalter, M.S. (1999). Comprehension and memory. In M.S. Wogalter, D.M. DeJoy, & K.R. Laughery (Eds.), Warnings and risk communication (pp. 149-187). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Taylor & Francis.
  • 24.Lu, L., & Chen, C.S. (1996). Correlates of coping behaviours: Internal and external resources. Counseling Psychology Quarterly, 9, 297-307.
  • 25.Mirowsky, J., Ross, C.E., & Van Williges, M. (1997). Instrumentalism in the land of opportunity: Socioeconomic causes and emotional consequences. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 332-337.
  • 26.Neff, J.A., & Hoppe, S.K. (1993). Race/ethnicity, acculturation, and psychological distress: Fatalism and religiosity as cultural resources. Journal of Community Psychology, 21, 3-20.
  • 27.Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th ed.). New York, NY, USA: Free Press.
  • 28.Savage, I. (1993). Demographic influences on risk perceptions. Risk Analysis, 13, 413-420.
  • 29.Schulz, R., & Heckhausen, J. (1999). Aging, culture and control: Setting a new research agenda. Journals of Gerontology (Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences), 54, 139-145.
  • 30.Shahnavaz, H. (2000). Role of ergonomics in the transfer of technology to industrially developing countries. Ergonomics, 43, 903-907.
  • 31.Smith-Jackson, T. L., & Wogalter, M.S. (2000a). Applying cultural ergonomics/human factors to safety information research. In Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (Vol. 6, pp. 150-153). Santa Monica, CA, USA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
  • 32.Smith-Jackson, T.L., & Wogalter, M.S. (2000b). Users’ hazard perceptions of warning components: An examination of colors and symbols. In Proceedings of the 14th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association and 44th Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (Vol. 6, pp. 55-58). Santa Monica, CA, USA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
  • 33.Stokols, D. (1987). Conceptual strategies of environmental psychology. In D. Stokols & I. Altman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology (pp. 41-70). New York, NY, USA: Wiley.
  • 34.Wogalter, M.S., Frederick, L.J., Herrera, A.B., & Magurno, A.B. (1997). English warning signal words, colors, and symbols by native Spanish language users. In P. Seppälä, T. Luopajärvi, C.-H. Nygård, & M. Mattila (Eds.), Proceedings of the 13th Triennial Congress of the International Ergonomics Association, Tampere, Finland, 1997 (Vol. 3, pp. 353-355). Helsinki, Finland: Finnish Institute of Occupational Health.
  • 35.Vanwonterghem, K., & De Beeck, R.O. (1996). Ergonomics in newly industrialized countries. In O. Brown, Jr. & H.W. Hendrick (Eds.), Human factors in organizational design and management V. Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Human Factors in Organizational Design and Management (pp. 607-612). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Science, North-Holland.
  • 36.Vaughan, E. (1995a). The significance of socioeconomic and ethnic diversity for the risk communication process. Risk Analysis, 15, 169-180.
  • 37.Vaughan, E. (1995b). The socioeconomic context of exposure and response to environmental risk. Environment and Behavior, 27, 454-489.
  • 38.Vaughan, E., & Nordenstam, B. (1991). The perception of environmental risks among ethnically diverse groups. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 22, 29-60.
  • 39.Young, S., & Lovvoll, D.R. (1999). Intermediate processing stages: Methodological considerations for research on warnings. In M.S. Wogalter, D.M. Dejoy, & K.R. Laughery (Eds.), Warnings and risk communication (pp. 27-52). Philadelphia, PA, USA: Taylor & Francis.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-67d747b5-808f-4ca7-8b7f-eab2565598cc
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