Lone Wolf Terrorism – A Socio-Psychological Approach

Posłuszna, Elżbieta

doi:10.37105/sd.69

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Tytuł artykułu

Lone Wolf Terrorism – A Socio-Psychological Approach

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Posłuszna Elżbieta

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DOI

10.37105/sd.69

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The aim of this paper is to characterize, mainly from the socio-psychological perspective, the phenomenon that is usually described as the activity of lone wolves. This characteristic supports the thesis expressed in the article that the strength of a lone wolf's motivation, who is defined as a violence -using and ideology stimulated individual, is based not on external (exogenous) impulses, i.e., objective depreciating situations that become a conscious foundation of the declared ideology, but on internal (endogenous) drives ideological goals. The paper consists of four sections. In the first one, the notion of “lone wolves” is explained, which is followed by a brief history of “lone wolves” activities. Sections two and three present the sociological and psychological aspects of the phenomenon respectively. The paper is concluded with a summary where the actual and potential danger of lone wolves is analyzed.

Słowa kluczowe

leaderless resistance lone wolves terrorism ressentiment safety

opór bez przywódcy samotne wilki terroryzm bezpieczeństwo

Wydawca

Centrum Rzeczoznawstwa Budowlanego Sp. z o.o.

Czasopismo

Safety & Defense

Rocznik

2020

Tom

Strony

109--118

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 24 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Posłuszna Elżbieta

e.posluszna @law.mil.pl

Military University of Aviation, Dęblin, Poland

Bibliografia

1. Borum, R., et al. (2012). A Dimensional Approach to Analysing Lone Offender Terrorism. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 17(5), 389-396.
2. Buuren, J. van, and de Graaf, B . (2014). Hatred of the System: Menacing Loners and Autonomous Cells in the Netherlands. Terrorism and Political Violence, 13 (1), 156-184. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2014.849932.
3. Crayton, J.W. (1983). Terrorism and Psychology of the Self. In L.Z. Freedman, and Y. Aleksander (Eds.), Perspectives on Terrorism (pp. 19-31). Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources.
4. Crenshaw, M. (1986). Psychology of Political Terrorism. In M. G. Herman (Ed.), Political Psychology: Contemporary Problems and Issues. London: Jossey-Bass.
5. Gardell, M. (2015).Crusader Dreams: Oslo 22/7, Islamophobia, and the Quest for Monocultural Europe.In J.Kaplan et al. (Eds.), Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism. New York: Routledge.
6. Gill, P. (2015). Lone-Actor Terrorists: A Behavioural Analysis. London: Routledge.
7. Gruenewald, J., et al. (2013). Distinguishing ‘Loner’ Attacks from Other Domestic Extremist Violence”, Criminology and Public Policy,12(1), 65-91.
8. Heide, E.J., van der. (2011). Individual Terrorism: Individual Terrorism: Indicators of Lone Operators, (Master’s Thesis). Utrecht University.
9. Hewitt, C. (2003). Understanding Terrorism in America: from the Klan to AlQaeda. Howe: Psychology Press.
10. Horgan, J. (2008). Psychologia terroryzmu. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
11. Jonston, D., and Risen, J. (2003).Lone Terrorists May Strike in the U.S. Agencies Warn. New York Times, 23.02.2003. Retrieved from http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE1DC113DF930A15751C0A9659C8B63, 23.03.2020.
12. Kaplan, H.B. (1980). Deviant Behavior in Defense of Self. New York: Academic Press.
13. Kaplan, J. (1997). Leaderless Resistance. Terrorism and Political Violence, 9(3), 80-95.
14. Lochner, L., and Moretti, E. (2004). The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmates, Arrests, and Self-reports. The American Economic Review,94(1), 155-189. DOI: 10.1257/000282804322970751.
15. Lasch, C. (1979). The Culture of Narcissism. New York: W.W. Norton.
16. Posłuszna, E., and Mares, M. (2016). Environmental extremist and Animal Rights Single Issue Perpetrators. In M. Fredholm (Ed.), Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism. Past Experience, Future Outlook, and Response Strategies, 77 (87-106). London: Routledge, 2016.
17. Nietzsche, F. (1995). Ecce Homo. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Baran i Suszczyński.
18. Pantucci, R. (2011). A Typology of Lone Wolves: Preliminary Analysis of Lone Islamist Terrorist. London: International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence–ICSR.
19. PET [Centre for Terror Analysis (CTA)]. (2011). The treat from solo terrorism and lone wolf terrorism. (5 April 2011). Retrieved from https://www.pet.dk/~/media/Engelsk/the_threat_from_solo_terrorism_and_lone_wolf_terrorism_-92_engelsk_version_pdf.ashx, 20.01.2019.
20. Posłuszna, E. (2015). Environmental and Animal Rights: Extremism, Terrorism, And National Security, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
21. Pearlstein, R. M. (1991). The Mind of the Political Terrorist. USA: Scholarly Resources.
22. Robins, R., and Post, J. (1999). Paranoja polityczna. Psychopatologia nienawiści. Warszawa: Książka i Wiedza.
23. Spaaij, R. (2012). Understanding Lone Wolf Terrorism: Global Patterns, Motivation and Prevention. Dordrecht: Springer, 2012.
24. Volkan, V. (1997). Bloodlines from Ethnic Pride to Ethnic Terrorism, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

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