Influence of demographic factors on self-employment intentions of university students

• Autorzy: Koloba Andreas Koloba , Surujlal Jhalukpreya

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.17512/pjms.2021.24.2.14

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ czynników demograficznych na zamierzenia samozatrudnienia studentów

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A persistently high unemployment rate among the youth, particularly university graduates, is being experienced in South Africa. Most previous conducted studies among university students on self-employment, focused on things such as birth order, family interaction, social class and economic circumstances. Noticeably, none of these studies investigated the possible relationship between field of study and year of study on self-employment intentions of university students. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of field and year of study on self-employment intentions of university students in South Africa. A questionnaire was administered among students in different fields of study at four universities in two provinces of South Africa. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare students’ perceptions in terms of field and year of study regarding self-employment intentions. Statistically significant differences were found among students in terms of field and year of study regarding self-employment intentions. Although the majority of students indicated that they intend to be self-employed, a substantial number of students showed less interest in self-employment as a career. It may therefore be wise for universities to consider multidisciplinary degrees which include self-employment/entrepreneurship modules.

PL

Utrzymująca się wysoka stopa bezrobocia wśród młodzieży, zwłaszcza absolwentów wyższych uczelni, ma miejsce w RPA. Większość dotychczasowych badań prowadzonych wśród studentów uczelni wyższych na temat samozatrudnienia koncentrowała się na takich kwestiach jak kolejność urodzenia, interakcje rodzinne, klasa społeczna i sytuacja ekonomiczna. Warto zauważyć, że w żadnym z tych badań nie zbadano możliwego związku między kierunkiem studiów a rokiem studiów a intencjami studentów uczelni wyższych na samozatrudnienie. W niniejszym badaniu zbadano zatem wpływ kierunku i roku studiów na intencje samozatrudnienia studentów uniwersytetów w RPA. Ankieta została przeprowadzona wśród studentów różnych kierunków studiów na czterech uniwersytetach w dwóch prowincjach RPA. Analiza wariancji (ANOVA) została wykorzystana do porównania percepcji studentów w zakresie kierunku i roku studiów w zakresie intencji samozatrudnienia. Stwierdzono istotne statystycznie różnice między studentami w zakresie kierunku i roku studiów w zakresie intencji podjęcia pracy na własny rachunek. Chociaż większość studentów wskazała, że zamierza pracować na własny rachunek, znaczna liczba studentów wykazała mniejsze zainteresowanie samozatrudnieniem jako karierą. Dlatego też rozsądne może być rozważenie przez uniwersytety stopni multidyscyplinarnych, które obejmują moduły samozatrudnienia/przedsiębiorczości.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

self-employment intentions; field of study; year of study; university students

PL

intencje samozatrudnienia; kierunek; rok studiów; studenci uczelni

• Wydawca: Czestochowa University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Polish Journal of Management Studies
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 24, No. 2
• Strony: 228--241
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 53 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Koloba Andreas Koloba

• University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa

autor

Surujlal Jhalukpreya

• North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa

Bibliografia

• 1.Bennett, J., Estrin, S., (2007). Entrepreneurial entry in developing economies: Modeling interactions between the formal and informal sector. Working paper: London School of Economics.
• 2.Bernhardt, I., (1994). Comparative advantage in self-employment and paid work. The Canadian Journal of Economics, 27(2), 273-289.
• 3.Bird, B., (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas. The case of intention. The Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 442-453.
• 4.Blanchflower, D.G., (2000). Self-employment in OECD countries. Labour Economics, 7(5), 471-505.
• 5.Blattman, C., Fiala, N. and Martinez, S., (2014). Generating skilled self-employment in developing countries: Experimental evidence from Uganda. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 129(2), 697-752.
• 6.Bogan, V., Darity, W., (2008). Culture and entrepreneurship? African American and immigrant self-employment in the United States. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(5), 1999-2019.
• 7.Bonn, M., Janeke, C. and Kruger, P., (2009). Honours psychology students‟ perceptions of job-related skills. New Voices in Psychology, 5(1), 49-62.
• 8.Brown, S., Dietrich, M., Ortiz-nunẽz, A. and Taylor, K., (2011). Self-employment and attitudes towards risk: timing and unobserved heterogeneity. Journal of Economic Psychology, 32(3):425-433.
• 9.Burger, L., Mahadea, D. and O’Neill, C., (2004). Perception of entrepreneurship as a career option in South Africa: An exploratory study among grade 12 learners. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 7(2), 187-205.
• 10.Carrol, G.R., Mosakowski, E., (1987). The career dynamics of self-employment. Administrative Science Quarterly, 32(4), 570-589.
• 11.Crant, M.J., (1996). Proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(3), 42-49.
• 12.Davey, T., Plewa, C. and Struwig, M., (2011). Entrepreneurship perceptions and career intentions of international students. Education and Training, 53(5), 335-352.
• 13.Dawson, C., Henley, A. and Latreille, P.L., (2009). Why do individuals choose self-employment? IZA Discussion Papers. No. 3974.
• 14.de Mel, S., McKenzie, D. and Woodruff, C., (2010). Who are the Microenterprise Owners? Evidence from Sri Lanka on Tokman v. de Soto.
• 15.Dhliwayo, S., (2008). Experiential learning in entrepreneurship education. A prospective model for South Africa tertiary institutions. Education and Training, 50(4), 329-340.
• 16.Earle, J.S., Sakova, Z., (2000). Business start-ups or disguised unemployment? Evidence on the character of self-employment from transition economies. Labour Economics, 7(5), 575-601
• 17.Ekpoh, U.I., Edet, A.O., (2011). Entrepreneurship Education and Career Intentions of Tertiary Education Students in Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, Nigeria. International Education Studies, 4(1), 172-178.
• 18.Falk, M., Leoni, T., (2009). Characteristics of self-employment among university graduates. Applied Economics Letters, 16(10), 1065-1070.
• 19.Farrington, S.M., Venter, D.J.L. and Neethling, A., (2012). Entrepreneurial intentions: demographic perspective of South African business students. South African Journal of Business Management, 43(3), 41-49.
• 20.Fatoki, O.O., (2010). Graduate entrepreneurial intention in South Africa: motivations and obstacles. International Journal of Business and Management, 5(9), 87-98.
• 21.Gird, A., Bagrain, J.J., (2008). The Theory of Planned Behaviour as predictor of entrepreneurial intent amongst final year university students. South African Journal of Psychology, 38(4), 711-724.
• 22.Izquierdo, E., Buelens, M., (2008). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions: the influence of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitudes. Entrepreneurship Education and Training. International Entrepreneurship Conference, 17-20 July. Oxford, Ohio, USA.
• 23.Karoly, L.A., Zissimopoulos, J., (2004). Self-employment among older U.S. workers. Monthly Labor Review, 127(7), 24-27.
• 24.Kim, G., (2007). The analysis of self-employment levels over the life-cycle. The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 47(3), 397-410.
• 25.Kolvereid, L., Isaksen, E., (2006). New business start-up and subsequent entry into self-employment. Journal of Business Venturing, 21(6), 866-885.
• 26.Kroon, J., De Klerk, S. and Dippenaar, A., (2003). Developing the next generation of potential entrepreneurs: co-operation between schools and business? South African Journal of Education, 23(4), 319-322.
• 27.Le, A.T. 1999. Empirical studies of self-employment. Journal of Economic Surveys, 13(4), 381-416.
• 28.Lee, L., Wong, P. K., Foo, M.D. and Leung, A., (2011). Entrepreneurial intentions: the influence of organizational and individual factors. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(1), 124-136.
• 29.Luber, S., Leicht, R., (2000). Growing self-employment in Western Europe: An effect of modernization. International Review of Sociology, 10(1), 101-123.
• 30.Malebana, M.J., (2014). The relationship between exposure to entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Southern Journal of Business Review, 18(1), 1-26.
• 31.Malhotra, N.K., (2010). Marketing Research. An Applied Orientation (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson.
• 32.Maloney, W., (2004). Informality revisited. World Development, 32(7), 1159-1178.
• 33.Mclarty, R., (2005). Entrepreneurship among graduates: towards a measured response. Journal of Management Development, 24(3), 223-238.
• 34.Mohapatra, S., Rozelle, S. and Goodhue, R., (2007). The rise of self-employment in rural China: development or distress. World Development, 35(1), 163-181.
• 35.Morrison, A., (2000). Entrepreneurship: what triggers it? International Journal of Entrepreneurship Behaviour & Research, 6(2), 59-71.
• 36.Muofhe, N.J., Du toit, W., (2011). Entrepreneurial education’s and entrepreneurial role models’ influences on career choice. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 9(1), 1-15.
• 37.Nabi, G., Holden, R., (2008). Graduate entrepreneurship: intentions, education and training. Education and Training, 50(7), 545-551.
• 38.Pallant, J., (2013). SPSS survival manual. A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS. (5th ed). Open University Press: McGraw-Hill.
• 39.Peterman, N.E., Kennedy, J., (2003). Entrepreneurship education: Influencing students’ perceptions of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(2), 129-144.
• 40.Pittaway, L., Cope, J., (2007). Entrepreneurship Education: a systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25(5), 470-510.
• 41.Pruett, M., Shinnar, R., Toney, B., Llopis, F. and Fox, J., (2009). Explaining entrepreneurial intentions of university students: across-cultural study. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 15(6), 571-594.
• 42.Radipere, S., (2012). South African university entrepreneurship education. African Journal of Business Management, 6(44), 11015-11022.
• 43.Sandhu, M.S., Sidique, S.F. and Riaz, S., (2011). Entrepreneurship barriers and entrepreneurial inclination among Malaysian postgraduate students. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 17(4), 428-449.
• 44.Scheepers, M.J., Solomon, G. and De Vries, A., (2009). Entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour of South African university students. Global university entrepreneurial students’ survey: South African Report 2008-2009.
• 45.Schwarz, E.J., Wdowiak, M.A., Almer-jarz, D.A. and Breitenecker, R.J., (2009). The effects of attitudes and perceived environment conditions on students’ entrepreneurial intent. Education and Training, 51(4), 272-291.
• 46.Simrie, M., Herrington, M., Kew, J. and Turton, N., (2011). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2011 South Africa. Centre for Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Graduate School of Business: University of Cape Town.
• 47.Turton, N., Herrington, M., (2012). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2012, South Africa. Graduate School of Business. University of Cape Town.
• 48.Urban, B., Barreira, J., (2007). Insight into technopreneurship: self-employment perceptions among engineering students. South African Journal of Higher Education, 21(5), 567-583.
• 49.Urban, B., Richard, P., (2015). Perseverance among university students as an indicator of entrepreneurial intent. South African Journal of Higher Education, 29(5), 263-278.
• 50.Viviers, S., Solomon, G. and Venter, C., (2013). Entrepreneurship intentions and behaviours of South African university students. The Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 6(145), 1-20.
• 51.Walter, S.G., Parboteeach, K.P. and Walter, A., (2013). University departments and self-employment intentions of business students: A cross-level analysis. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(3), 1-26.
• 52.Wu, S., Wu, L., (2008). The impact of higher education on entrepreneurial intentions of university students in China. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 15(4), 752-774.
• 53.Yusof, M., Sandhu, M.S. and Jain, K.K., (2008). Entrepreneurial inclination of university students: A case study of students at Tun Abdul Razak University (UNITAR). Unitar E-Journal, 4(1), 1-14.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).