Performance of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Processing Units in Treating Food Court Wastewater

• Autorzy: Fitriani Nurina , Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin , Affandi Moch. , Nurdin Rafly Rizqullah , Kurniawan Setyo Budi , Ni'matuzahroh

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12911/22998993/159399

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This study aimed to determine the performance of modified slow sand filter (SSF) media with blood clam shells (Anadara granosa) and activated carbon to remove turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG on the food court wastewater. The concentration of water pollutant parameters processed by SSF was determined based on Indonesia water quality standards, as well as knowing the optimum operational parameters of intermittent slow sand filter with Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The research data was processed using the Optimal type (custom) design which consisted of independent factors including the type of filter media, the addition of bacteria to the grease trap pre-treatment unit, and running time, as well as the research response in the form of the effectiveness of removing turbidity, TSS, TDS, and FOG. The reactor was operated intermittently (48 hours) for a maximum of 22 days and the concentration of pollutant parameters was calculated using the Standard Methods. The results of the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA, p<0.05) in the 2FI model of the study showed that there was a significant effect of all independent factors on the effectiveness of removing all water pollutant parameters. The most optimal operational parameters were achieved with the type of activated carbon media, the addition of Bacillus sp. in the grease trap pre-treatment unit in the amount of as much as 1%, and the detention time of 4 days, with the effectiveness of removing turbidity reaching 39.53%; TSS 45.25%; TDS 19.30%; FOG 61.35%.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Anadara granosa; environmental pollution; FOG; intermittent slow sand filter; response surface methodology; TDS; TSS; turbidity

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej ; Lublin University of Technology
• Czasopismo: Journal of Ecological Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 24, nr 4
• Strony: 117--139
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Fitriani Nurina

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus CUNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7072-415X

autor

Mohamed Radin Maya Saphira Radin

• Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia

autor

Affandi Moch.

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus CUNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Nurdin Rafly Rizqullah

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus CUNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

autor

Kurniawan Setyo Budi

• Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0791-1638

autor

Ni'matuzahroh

• Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus CUNAIR, Jalan Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Bibliografia

• 1. Almojjly, A., Johnson, D., Oatley-Radcliffe, D.L., Hilal, N. 2018. Removal of oil from oil-water emulsion by hybrid coagulation/sand filter as pretreatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 26(July), 17–27.
• 2. Anderson, Mark J. 2016. RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using Response Surface Methodology for Design of Experiments. United States. CRC Press.
• 3. Andriani, G., Andari, G.S.B., Gusniani, I. 2015. Effectiveness of Intermittent Slow Sand Filter in Surface Water Treatment related to pH, Color, Nitrate, Nitrite, and Total Coliform Parameters (Case Study: Infiltration Reservoir and Mahogany Lake UI). Faculty of Engineering, University of Indonesia. Depok, Indonesia.
• 4. Astuti, D.R.P. 2012. Effect of Activated Carbon Diameter on Biosand Filter on Decrease in BOD Concentration. Essay. Faculty of science and technology. Airlangga University. Surabaya.
• 5. Brandt, M.J., Johnson, K.M., Elphinston A.J., Ratnayaka D.D. 2016. Twort’s Water Supply 7th Edition. London: Elsevier
• 6. Bryant, Isaac M. 2015. Using Slow Sand Filtration System with Activated Charcoal Layer to Treat Salon Wastewater in a Selected Community in Cape Coast, Ghana. Journal Advanced Chemical Engineering, 5, 135.
• 7. Byrne, T.M. 2010. Analysis of the Removal Capabilities of Intermittently and Continuously Run Slow Sand Filters, Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
• 8. Dampang, S., Purwanti, E., Destyorini, F., Kurniawan, S.B., Abdullah, S.R.S., Imron, M.F. 2021. Analysis of Optimum Temperature and Calcination Time in the Production of CaO Using Seashells Waste as CaCO3 Source. J. Ecol. Eng., 22, 221–228.
• 9. Fatnasari, H., Hermana, J. 2010. Strategies for Wastewater Management in Settlements on the banks of Kali Surabaya. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Technology Management XI MMT-ITS Study Program, 52–58.
• 10. Fitri, I.T., Samudro, G., Sumiyati, S. 2013. A Study of Decreasing TSS and Turbidity Parameters in Artificial Domestic Wastewater Using a Vertical Roughing Combination. Journal of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 2(2), 1–7.
• 11. Fitriani, N., Wahyudianto, F., Salsabila, N.F., Radin Mohamed, R., Kurniawan, S. 2023. Performance of Modified Slow Sand Filter to Reduce Turbidity, Total Suspended Solids, and Iron in River Water as Water Treatment in Disaster Areas. J. Ecol. Eng., 24, 1–18.
• 12. Fitriani, N., Kusuma, M.N., Wirjodirdjo, B., Hadi, W., Hermana, J., Ni’matuzahroh, Kurniawan, S.B., Abdullah, S.R.S., Mohamed, R.M.S.R. 2020. Performance of geotextile-based slow sand filter media in removing total coli for drinking water treatment using system dynamics modelling. Heliyon, 6.
• 13. Imron, M.F., Firdaus, A.A.F., Flowerainsyah, Z.O., Rosyidah, D., Fitriani, N., Kurniawan, S.B., Abdullah, S.R.S., Hasan, H.A., Wibowo, Y.G. 2023. Phytotechnology for domestic wastewater treatment: Performance of Pistia stratiotes in eradicating pollutants and future prospects. J. Water Process Eng., 51.
• 14. Imron, M.F., Kurniawan, S.B., Abdullah, S.R.S. 2021. Resistance of bacteria isolated from leachate to heavy metals and the removal of Hg by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain FZ-2 at different salinity levels in a batch biosorption system. Sustain. Environ. Res., 31, 14.
• 15. Indonesian Government. 2016. Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia Number: P.68/Menlhk-Setjen/2016 concerning Domestic Wastewater Quality Standards. Ministry of Environment and Forestry RI, Jakarta.
• 16. Indonesian Government. 2017. Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 32 concerning Environmental Health Quality Standards and Water Health Requirements for Sanitary Hygiene, Swimming Pools, Solus Per Aqua, and Public Baths. Indonesian Ministry of Health, Jakarta.
• 17. Indonesian Government. 2021. Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 concerning Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Central Government, Jakarta.
• 18. Jami’ah, Hadi, W. 2014. The Use of Slow Sand Filter Units, Ozone Generators and Rapid Sand Filters to Improve Shallow Well Water Quality into Drinking Water with Turbidity, Fe, and Mn Parameters. Journal of Engineering POMITS, 3(2).
• 19. Khan, Aszahra A. 2016. Efektivitas Pemanfaatan Limbah Cangkang Kerang Dara (Anadara Granosa) Sebagai Media Adsorben Logam Cu (II) Dalam Air. Universitas Islam Indonesia, Yogyakarta.
• 20. Kurniawan, S.B., Pambudi, D.S.A., Ahmad, M.M., Alfanda, B.D., Imron, M.F., Abdullah, S.R.S. 2022. Ecological impacts of ballast water loading and discharge: insight into the toxicity and accumulation of disinfection by-products. Heliyon, 8, e09107.
• 21. Maharani, V.S. 2017. Studi Literatur: Pengolahan Minyak dan Lemak Limbah Industri, Tugas Akhir, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya.
• 22. Maryani, D., Masduqi, A., Moesriati, A. 2014. Effect of Media Thickness and Filtration Rate on Sand Filters in Reducing Turbidity and Total Coliform. Journal of ITS Engineering, 3(2), D76–D81.
• 23. Matsui, T., Miura, A., Iiyama, T., Shinzato, N., Matsuda, H., Furuhashi, K. 2005. Effect of fatty oil dispersion on oil-containing wastewater treatment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 118(1–3), 255–258.
• 24. Mirza, D.H. 2019. Effect of Roughing Filter and Slow Sand Filter in Treating Amprong River Water, Malang into Ready-to-Drink Water on Turbidity, Color, TSS, and TDS Parameters, Thesis, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
• 25. Ni’matuzahroh, N., Fitriani, N., Nuswantara, E.N., Affandi, M., Prasongsuk, S., Kurniawan, S. 2022. Isolation and Characterization of Schmutzdecke in Slow Sand Filter for Treating Domestic Wastewater. J. Ecol. Eng., 23, 76–88.
• 26. Ni’matuzahroh, Fitriani, N., Ardiyanti, P.E., Kuncoro, E.P., Budiyanto, W.D., Isnadina, D.R.M., Wahyudianto, F.E., Radin Mohamed, R.M.S. 2020. Behavior of schmutzdecke with varied filtration rates of slow sand filter to remove total coliforms. Heliyon, 6(4), e03736.
• 27. O’Marga, T. 2020. Effect of Modification of Slow Sand Filter Media with Blood Shells (Anadara Granosa) and Acclimatization Time on Total Coliform Removal in Treating Domestic Wastewater. Essay. Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
• 28. Pachoka, M. 2010. Intermittent Slow Sand Filters: Improving Their Design for Developing World Applications.
• 29. Pratiwi, Hospital 2015. Planning for Domestic Wastewater Management in Keputih Surabaya. Final Project, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya.
• 30. Purwanti, I.F., Putri, T.P., Kurniawan, S.B. 2017. Treatment of chromium contaminated soil using bioremediation, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, 040008.
• 31. Ranjan, P., Prem, M. 2018. Schmutzdecke-A Filtration Layer of Slow Sand Filter. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(7).
• 32. Sarasdewi, A., Semadi Antara, N., Suryawan Wiranatha, A. 2015. Effect of Flow Rate on Reduction of Pollution in Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plants with Biofilter Systems. Journal of Agroindustrial Engineering and Management, 3(2), 17–29.
• 33. Sari, N.M. 2010. Study on the Performance of Biosand Filter for Drinking Water Treatment for Reducing Turbidity and Iron. Jurusan Teknik Lingkungan, FTSP, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember.
• 34. Suryadi, Asep. 2014. Design of Filter Technology for House-Scale Wastewater in the IPB Campus Circumference Area, Darmaga. Essay. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University.
• 35. Theresa, Ledy. 2020. The Effect of Media Variations and Acclimatization Time on Modified Intermittent Slow Sand Filter Units in Reducing pH, Turbidity, Ammonia, and Phosphate. Essay. Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya.
• 36. Thomas, T.A., Kani, K.M. 2016. Efficiency of Slow Sand Filter in Wastewater Treatment. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(4).
• 37. Widyaningsih, V. 2011. Liquid Waste Treatment of the Yongma Fisip UI Canteen, Thesis, University of Indonesia, Jakarta.
• 38. Wongthanate, J., Mapracha, N., Prapagdee, B. 2014. Efficiency of Modified Grease Trap for Domestic Wastewater Treatment. The Journal of Industrial Technology, 10(2), 2557.
• 39. Yuliana. 2018. Effect of Biosand Filter Media Variations in Removal of Oil and Fat from Laboratory Wastewater. Faculty of Engineering, Andalas University.
• 40. Zahra, L.Z., Purwanti, I.F. 2015. Restaurant Waste Treatment with Aerobic Biofilter Process. Journal of ITS Engineering, 4(1).

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MEiN, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2022-2023).