Influence of discharged industrial effluents on the parameters of surface water in Onitsha urban area, southeastern Nigeria

• Autorzy: Obeta Michael C. , Okafor Uchenna P. , Nwankwo Cletus F.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/jwld-2019-0054

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ zrzucanych ścieków przemysłowych na parametry wód powierzchniowych na obszarze miejskim Onitsha w południowowschodniej Nigerii

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Chemical industries in Onitsha urban area of southeastern Nigeria have been discharging large quantities of effluents into surface streams. These streams are the primary sources of water used by poor households for domestic purposes. This study examines the effects of effluents on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the recipient streams. This objective was achieved by collecting eight effluents and twenty-two water samples from control points, discharge locations and exit chutes of the effluents for analysis. The results of the study characterised the effluents and their effects on the recipient streams. The effluents cause gross pollution of the streams as most of the parameters including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), Mg, NO₃, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, total heterotrophic count (THC) and total coliform group (TCG) returned high values that exceeded the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) benchmark from 2011 for drinking water quality. Only dissolved oxygen (DO), Na, Zn, Ca, and Na returned values lower than the WHO guideline. E. coli was found in all the samples; TCG was also high. This paper, therefore, recommends that the effluent generating industries should treat their effluents before disposal.

PL

Przemysł chemiczny na obszarze miejskim Onitsha w południowowschodniej Nigerii odprowadza duże ilości ścieków do strumieni. Strumienie te są podstawowym źródłem wody dla ubogich gospodarstw domowych. W pracy analizowano wpływ ścieków przemysłowych na fizyczne, chemiczne i mikrobiologiczne właściwości wody w strumieniach. Cel ten osiągnięto, pobierając próby wody do analiz z 8 odpływów, z 22 punktów kontrolnych i miejsc zrzutu. Wyniki charakteryzują odpływy i ich wpływ na wody odbiornika ścieków. Zrzuty ścieków powodowały znaczne zanieczyszczenie strumieni, ponieważ większość parametrów (pH, zawiesiny, mętność, BZT, ChZT, Mg, NO₃, Fe, Cu, Pb, Cr, suma bakterii heterotroficznych, bakterie grupy coli) przekraczała normy jakości wody pitnej ustalone przez WHO w 2011 r. Jedynie stężenie rozpuszczonego tlenu, Na, Zn, Ca i Na spełniały te normy. Obecność E. coli stwierdzano we wszystkich próbkach, duże były także wartości stężenia bakterii grupy coli. Zaleca się, aby zakłady przemysłowe poddawały ścieki oczyszczaniu przed ich zrzutem do strumieni.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

drinking water supplies; industrial effluents; streams contamination; water quality

PL

jakość wody; ścieki przemysłowe; zanieczyszczenie strumieni; źródła wody pitnej

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: no. 42
• Strony: 136--142
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 26 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Obeta Michael C.

• University of Nigeria, Department of Geography, Nsukka Road, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria

autor

Okafor Uchenna P.

• University of Nigeria, Department of Geography, Nsukka Road, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria

autor

Nwankwo Cletus F.

• University of Nigeria, Department of Geography, Nsukka Road, 410001 Nsukka, Nigeria

Bibliografia

• AMADI D.O. 2012. Quality assessment of Aba River using heavy metal pollution index. American Journal of Environmental Engineering. Vol. 2. No. 1 p. 45–49.
• APHA 1998. Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. 20th ed. Washington D.C. American Public Health Association. ISBN 0875532357 pp. 1325.
• ATTOUI B., TOUMI N., MESSAOUDI S., BENRABAH S. 2016. Degradation of water quality: The case of plain west of Annaba (northeast Algeria). Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 31 p. 3–10. DOI 10.1515/jwld-2016-0031.
• BOUSSAHA S., LAIFA A. 2017. Wadi Bounamoussa’s waters quality in the north-east of Algeria: Statistical treatment of some physical and chemical parameters. Journal of Water and Land Development. Vol. 34 p. 77–83. DOI 10.1515/jwld-2017-0040.
• BROOKS G.F., BUTEL J.S., MORSE S.A. 1998. Jawetz, Melnick, and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. Stanford, Connecticut. Appleton and Lange Medical Book. ISBN 0838563163 pp. 752.
• DI-MARIO W.D. 2004. Risk assessment of domestic and industrial effluent unloaded in fresh water environment. Journal of Environment. Vol. 10 p. 65–67.
• ECHIEGU E.A., LIBERTY J.T. 2013. Effluents characteristics of some selected food processing industries in Enugu and Anambra States of Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science. Vol. 3. No. 9 p. 46–54.
• EMMANUEL V., SILVA-FILHO R.G., SOBRAL B., CHRISTOPHEEMBLANCH B., BLAVOUV S.M.R., JULIO V.W. 2009. Groundwater chemical characterization of a Rio de Janeiro coastal aquifer SE-Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Science. Vol. 127 p. 100–108.
• EZERONYE O.U., UBALUA A.O. 2004. Studies on the effects of abattoir and industrial effluents on the heavy metal and microbial quality of Aba River in Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology. Vol. 14. No. 3 p. 266–272.
• ILOEJE N.P. 1972. A New geography of West Africa. Harlow, Essex. Longman Group Ltd., Longman House, Burnt Mill. ISBN 0582602823 pp. 172.
• INYANG P.E.B. 1975. Climate regions. In: Nigeria in maps. Ed. G.E.K. Ofomata. Benin City. Ethiope Publishing House p. 27–29.
• KEHINDE M.O. 1996. Impact of Industrial growth on groundwater quality and availability: A case study of Ikeja industrial area. In: Current issues in Nigerian environment. Ed. M.O. Kehinde. Ibadan. Davidson Press Ltd. ISBN 978-2754-84-5 p. 35–41.
• KUPCHELLA C.E., HYLAND M.C.1993. Environmental science, living with the systems of nature. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall International Edition. ISBN 0130274186 pp. 579.
• MOSIEJ J., KOMOROWSKI H., KARCZMARCZYK A. 2007. Factors affecting water quality in degraded sewage receivers – case study of the phosphorus dynamics in the Ner River. Journal of Water and Land Development. No. 11 p. 103–116.
• MOZIE A.T. 1992. Terrain evaluation for urban development purposes in Onitsha and environment. M.Sc. Thesis. Nsukka. Department of Geography, University of Nigeria pp. 214.
• MOZIE A.T., AYADIUNO R.U. 2008. The role of government in the degradation of the landscape in Onitsha and its environs: Present state and future expectations. Nigerian Journal of Geography and the Environment. Vol. 1 p. 119–127.
• OCHERI M.I., MILE Y., OKLO A. 2008. Nitrate contamination of shallow wells in Makurdi urban area of Benue State. In: Proceedings of 50th Annual Conference of the Association of Nigeria Geographers. 25–28.08.2008. Calabar. Univ. of Calabar p. 72–81.
• OGHENEKABAROH A.R. 1997. Biology and chemical assessment of the water quality of Ikeja – Opebi link stream. B.Sc. Project. Lagos. Univ. of Lagos p. 12–36.
• OFOMATA G.E.K. 1975. Nigeria in maps: Eastern States.Benin City. Ethiope Publishing House. Rib ID 1556979 p. 25–36.
• OFOMATA G.E.K. 1978. Landforms. In: Nsukka environment. Ed. G.E.K. Ofomata. Onitsha. Fourth Dimension Publishers p. 8–12.
• OKAFOR U.P. 2017. Effects of industrial effluents on stream water quality in Onitsha urban area of Anambra State, Southeastern, Nigeria. M.Sc. Thesis. Nsukka. Department of Geography, University of Nigeria pp. 14.
• STUMM W., MORGAN J.J. 1996. Aquatic chemistry. New York. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-51185-4 pp. 1040.
• TAIWO A.M. 2010. Environmental impact of poultry farm operations on Alakata Stream at Isolu in Abeokuta, Nigeria. MSc. Thesis. Abeokuta. Univ. of Agricult. pp. 197.
• THORNTHWAITE C.W. 1948. An approach toward a rational classification of climate. Vol. 66. No. 1 pp. 77.
• UCHEGBU S.N. 2002. Environmental management and protection. Enugu. Spotlite Publisher. ISBN 978-37916-5-6 pp. 224.
• WHO 2011. Guidelines for drinking water quality [online]. 4th ed. Health criteria and other supporting Information. Geneva. Vol. 2. ISBN 978-92-4-154815-1 pp. 541. [Access 15.10.2018]. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44584/9789241548151_eng.pdf?sequence=1

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).