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Alternatywne sposoby finansowania w globalnym górnictwie: Agencje Kredytów Eksportowych (ECA)
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Nowadays, mining enterprises are perceived through the prism of “the black PR, what causes the general reluctance of the financial market and the withdrawal of the traditional financial institutions from providing capital in the form of debt for the mining industry. “While spending from national budgets on coal fell, as did tax breaks for it, other forms of support - from development finance institutions, export-credit agencies – soared.” [1] This article analyses the possibilities of using these sources depending on the life cycle phase of a geological and mining project. In the following part of the article, the main attention is paid to ECAs, which offer much more opportunities than traditional banks, among others: chipper credits, longer terms of credits and tax exemptions. The article presents the largest Export Credit Agencies in the world and indicates their characteristic features compared to conventional sources of financing. The largest financing countries, as well as acquiring such capital in relation to the mining industry, were identified.
W dzisiejszych czasach przedsiębiorstwa górnicze spotykają się z trudnościami odnośnie możliwości uzyskania finansowania z tradycyjnych źródeł na realizację projektów geologiczno-górniczych. Rozwiązaniem problemów z finansowaniem takich projektów mogą być alternatywne źródła finansowania, tj. development finance, royalty agreements, streaming, standby equity, off take, EPCM/equipment finance lub ECA. W artykule przeanalizowano możliwości wykorzystania tych źródeł w zależności od fazy cyklu życia projektu geologiczno-górniczego. W dalszej części główną uwagę poświęcono Agencjom Kredytów Eksportowych (ECA), które dają dużo większe możliwości niż tradycyjne banki. W artykule przedstawiono największe Agencje Kredytów Eksportowych na świecie i wskazano ich cechy charakterystyczne na tle konwencjonalnych źródeł finansowania. Zidentyfikowano największe państwa finansujące, ale również pozyskujące takiego rodzaju kapitały w odniesieniu do branży górniczej.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
153--160
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie
autor
- Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza w Krakowie
Bibliografia
- 1. Goering L., “Despite climate pledges, G20 coal subsidies rise,” Reuters, 25 June 2019. [Online]. Available: https:// www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-coal-subsidies/despite-climate-pledges-g20-coal-subsidies-riseidUSKCN1TQ001. [Accessed 3 December 2020].
- 2. Collective study, “Ending fossil fuel support: the way forward NGO recommendations for OECD countries on their Export Credit Agencies,” May 2014. [Online]. Available: https://www.eca-watch.org/sites/default/files/End%20Fossil%20 Fuel%20Support.pdf.
- 3. The Guardian, “ING becomes latest bank to stop finance for new coal,” [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian. com/environment/2016/apr/15/worlds-biggest-wealth-fund-excludes-52-coal-related-groups. [Accessed 2015].
- 4. Norges Bank, “Exclusion of coal companies from the fund,” 14 April 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.nbim.no/en/ the-fund/news-list/2016/exclusion-of-coal-companies-from-the-fund/. [Accessed 1 December 2020].
- 5. Ernst & Young , “Global Finance Mining Guide,” 2014. [Online].
- 6. PwC, “Report: Three things you need to know about alternative financing in the mining industry,” 2013. [Online].
- 7. Stephens M., “"e Changing Role of Export,” 1 December 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.imf.org/external/ pubs/n#/1999/change/.
- 8. Becker W.H. and McClenahan Jr., “"e Market, the State, and the Export-Import Bank of the United States, 1934-2000, Cambridge University Press,” 2003. [Online].
- 9. Chauffour J.P. and Saborowski C., “Export credit agencies to the rescue of trade finance”, VoxEU.org, 23 January,” 2010. [Online].
- 10. Irwin D.A. and O’Rourke K.H., ““Coping with Shocks and Shifts. The Multilateral Trading System in Historical Perspective”, in R C Feenstra and A M Taylor (eds), Globalization in an Age of Crisis: Multilateral Economic Cooperation in the Twenty-First,” 2013.
- 11. EXIM, “Report to the U.S. Congress on Global Export Credit Competition,” 2019. [Online].
- 12. Trade Finance Global, “Export Credit Agencies,” [Online]. Available: https://www.tradefinanceglobal.com/export-finance/ export-credit-agencies-eca/. [Accessed 3 December 2020].
- 13. EXIM, “Report to the US Congress on Global Export Credit Competition,” 2017. [Online].
- 14. EXIM, “Report to the U.S. Congress on Global Export Credit Competition,” 2018. [Online].
- 15. Mathiesen K., “Japan and South Korea top list of biggest coal financiers,” [Online]. Available: https://www.theguardian. com/environment/2015/jun/02/japan-and-south-korea-top-list-of-biggest-coal-financiers-by-export-credit. [Accessed 3 December 2020].
- 16. Craynon J., “Outlook for Mining Projects,” 2017. [Online]. Available: https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.vma.org/resource/ resmgr/2017_MOW_Presentations/Craynon_Presentation.pdf. [Accessed 2 December 2020].
- 17. Bergamingham F., “Oyu Tolgoi financing agreed,” Global Trade Review, 15 December 2015. [Online]. Available: https:// www.gtreview.com/news/asia/oyu-tolgoi-financing-agreed/. [Accessed 4 December 2020].
- 18. Bergamingham F., “Lenders flock to huge Peruvian project financing,” Global Trade Revew, 22 August 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.gtreview.com/news/americas/lenders-flock-to-huge-peruvian-project-financing/. [Accessed 3 December 2020].
- 19. Berne Union, “Yearbook 2020,” 2 December 2020. [Online]. Available: file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Berne%20 Union%20Yearbook%202020.pdf.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-627eac20-b66e-43dc-b417-bfdf92c87349