Comparison of phytotoxicity of selected phosphonium ionic liquid

• Autorzy: Biczak R. , Bałczewski P. , Pawłowska B. , Bachowska B. , Rychter P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/eces-2014-0022

Warianty tytułu

PL

Porównanie fitotoksyczności wybranych fosfoniowych cieczy jonowych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Ionic liquids have attracted considerable interest in various areas as new, non-volatile and non-flammable organic solvents, catalysts, reaction additives, ligands, drugs and other dedicated materials etc. Their general use, sometimes in bulky quantities, requires determination of their potential ecotoxicity on selected organisms. In the present work, influence of triphenylmethylphosphonium iodide (1) and triphenylhexadecylphosphonium iodide (2), introduced to soil, on germination and early stages of growth and development of superior plants was investigated using the plant growth test based on the OECD/OCDE 208/2006. In this test, the seeds of selected species, i.e. land superior plants - spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) and common radish (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) were planted in pots containing soil to which a test chemical compound had been added and in pots with control soil. To evaluate the phytotoxicity of ionic liquids 1 and 2 germination and weight (dry and fresh) of control plant seedlings were determined and compared with the germination and weight (dry and fresh) of the seedlings of plants grown in the soil watered with appropriate amounts of the test chemicals. The visual assessment of any types of damage to the test species, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis and necrosis, was also carried out and documented by digital photographs. Based on the obtained results, magnitudes of the LOEC - the lowest concentration causing observable effects in the form of reduction in growth and germination compared with the control and the NOEC - the highest concentration not causing observable, toxic effects - were also determined.

PL

Ciecze jonowe wzbudziły duże zainteresowanie w różnych dziedzinach jako nowe nielotne i niepalne rozpuszczalniki organiczne, katalizatory, dodatki do reakcji, ligandy, leki itp. Jednocześnie powszechne stosowanie cieczy jonowych, czasem w dużych ilościach, wymaga określenia ich potencjalnej ekotoksyczności dla wybranych organizmów. W przedstawionej pracy wpływ jodku trifenylometylofosfoniowego (1) i jodku trifenyloheksadecylofosfoniowego (2), wprowadzonych do gleby w różnych stężeniach, na wschody i wczesne stadia wzrostu i rozwoju roślin wyższych, określono w badaniach fitotoksyczności w oparciu o przewodnik OECD/OCDE 208/2006. W przeprowadzonym eksperymencie nasiona wybranych gatunków lądowych roślin wyższych - jęczmienia jarego (Hordeum vulgare) i rzodkiewki zwyczajnej (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.) wysiano do wazonów zawierających glebę, do której dodano badany związek chemiczny, i do wazonów zawierających glebę kontrolną. Oceniając fitotoksyczność związków (1) i (2), określono i porównano wschody i masę (suchą i zieloną) pędów roślin kontrolnych ze wschodami i masą (suchą i zieloną) pędów roślin rosnących na glebie, do której wprowadzono odpowiednie ilości związków. Dokonano ponadto oceny wizualnej wszystkich uszkodzeń badanych gatunków roślin, takich jak zahamowanie wzrostu, nekroza i chloroza, czego odzwierciedleniem są wykonane zdjęcia cyfrowe roślin doświadczalnych. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników określono wielkości LOEC (najniższe stężenie wywołujące zauważalne skutki w postaci obniżki we wzroście i wschodach w porównaniu z kontrolą) oraz NOEC (najwyższe stężenie niewywołujące zauważalnych, toksycznych skutków).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

ionic liquids; phytotoxicity; land superior plants; spring barley; common radish; yield; dry weight; chlorosis; necrosis

PL

ciecze jonowe; fitotoksyczność; lądowe rośliny wyższe; jęczmień; rzodkiewka; plon; sucha masa; chloroza; nekroza

• Wydawca: Towarzystwo Chemii i Inżynierii Ekologicznej
• Czasopismo: Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: Vol. 21, nr 2
• Strony: 281--285
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 67 poz., wykr., tab., rys., fot.

Twórcy

autor

Biczak R.

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

autor

Bałczewski P.

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]
• Center of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Łódź, Poland

autor

Pawłowska B.

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

autor

Bachowska B.

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

autor

Rychter P.

• Institute of Chemistry, Environment Protection and Biotechnology, Jan Długosz University, al. Armii Krajowej 13/15, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland, phone [phone], fax [phone]

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