Fracture toughness of ABS additively manufactured by FDM process

• Autorzy: Aourik O. , Othmani M. , Saadouki B. , Abouzaid Kh. , Chouaf A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0015.6258

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The purpose on this article is to study the failure of FDM printed ABS by exhibiting an exhaustive crack growth analysis mainly based on raster angle parameter. Design/methodology/approach: Two approaches have been developed in this study; On one hand, mechanical experiments were carried out to determine the critical stress intensity factor KIC. On the other hand, numerical analysis was used to predict the paths within the part as well as the crack propagation. Findings: This work has clearly shown the effect of raster angle on the damage mechanism of the ABS printed by FDM. Indeed, for the combination 1 (0°/90°), the structure presents an important stiffness and a high degree of stress distribution symmetry with respect to the notch. Moreover, the crack propagation is regular and straight, and the damage surfaces are on the same plane. However, for the combination 2 (-45°/45°), the structure is less resistant with an asymmetrical stress distribution according to two different planes. Research limitations/implications: In order to present an exhaustive study, we focused on the effect of two raster angles (including 0°/90°, -45°/45°) on the ABS crack propagation, additively manufactured. This study is still in progress for other raster angles, and will be developed from a design of experiments (DoE) design that incorporates all relevant factors. To highlight more the cracking mechanisms, microscopic observations will be developed in more depth. Practical implications: Our analysis can be used as a decision aid in the design of FDM parts. Indeed, we can choose the raster angle that would ensure the desired crack propagation resistance for a functional part. Originality/value: In this article, we have analyzed the mechanism of damage and crack propagation. This topic represents a new orientation for many research papers. For our study, we accompanied our experimental approach with an original numerical approach. In this numerical approach, we were able to mesh distinctly raster by raster for all layers.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

FDM; raster angle; ABS; tenacity; damage; simulation

PL

FDM; grafika rastrowa; kąty rastra; ABS; wytrzymałość; uszkodzenia; symulacja

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 109, nr 2
• Strony: 49--58
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Aourik O.

• Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 8118 Oasis, Casablanca, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7451-5213

autor

Othmani M.

• Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 8118 Oasis, Casablanca, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8601-8073

autor

Saadouki B.

• Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 8118 Oasis, Casablanca, Morocco

autor

Abouzaid Kh.

• Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 8118 Oasis, Casablanca, Morocco

autor

Chouaf A.

• Laboratory of Control and Mechanical Characterization of Materials and Structures, National Higher School of Electricity and Mechanics, Hassan II University of Casablanca, B.P 8118 Oasis, Casablanca, Morocco

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1765-6762

Bibliografia

• [1] Ł. Wiechetek, A. Gola, Agile Manufacturing and Commerce. The Impact of 3D Printing on Markets and Business Processes, Przedsiębiorczość i Zarządzanie 19/5(1) (2018) 99-116.
• [2] V. Dhinakaran, K.P. Manoj Kumar, P.M. Bupathi Ram, M. Ravichandran, M. Vinayagamoorthy, A review on recent advancements in fused deposition modeling, Materials Today: Proceedings 27/2 (2020) 752-756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.12.036
• [3] T.J. Gordelier, P.R. Thies, L. Turner, L. Johanning, Optimising the FDM additive manufacturing process to achieve maximum tensile strength: a state-of-the-art. review, Rapid Prototyping Journal 25/6 (2019) 953-971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-07-2018-0183
• [4] M. Othmani, A. Chouaf, Kh. Zarbane, Kh. Abouzaid, M. Chergui, Mechanical strength of a part obtained by simulation of the FDM type additive manufacturing process, Proceedings of the 13th Mechanical Congress, Meknes, Morocco, 2017 (in French).
• [5] G.D. Goh, S. Agarwala, G.L. Goh, V. Dikshit, S.L. Sing, W.Y. Yeong, Additive manufacturing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): challenges and potential, Aerospace Science and Technology 63 (2017) 140-151. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.12.019
• [6] S. Wickramasinghe, T. Do, P. Tran, FDM-based 3D printing of polymer and associated composite: A review on mechanical properties, defects and treatments, Polymers 12/7 (2020) 1529. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071529
• [7] T. Sathies, P. Senthil, M.S. Anoop, A review on advancements in applications of fused deposition modeling process, Rapid Prototyping Journal 26/4 (2020) 669-687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-08-2018-0199
• [8] B. Rankouhi, S. Javadpour, F. Delfanian, T. Letcher, Failure analysis and mechanical characterization of 3D printed ABS with respect to layer thickness and orientation, Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevention 16/3 (2016) 467-481. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0113-2
• [9] T. Letcher, B. Rankouhi, S. Javadpour, Experimental study of mechanical properties of additively manufactured ABS plastic as a function of layer parameters, Proceedings of the ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Volume 2A: Advanced Manufacturing. Houston, Texas, USA, 2015, V02AT02A018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2015-52634
• [10] O.A. Mohamed, S.H. Masood, J.L. Bhowmik, Mathematical modeling and FDM process parameters optimization using response surface methodology based on Q-optimal design, Applied Mathematical Modelling 40/23-24 (2016) 10052-10073. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2016.06.055
• [11] R. Kristiawan, F. Imaduddin, D. Ariawan, Ubaidillah, Z. Arifin, A review on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing: Filament processing, materials, and printing parameters, Open Engineering 11/1 (2021) 639-649. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/eng-2021-0063
• [12] D. Popescu, A. Zapciu, C. Amza, F. Baciu, R. Marinescu, FDM process parameters influence over the mechanical properties of polymer specimens: A review, Polymer Testing 69 (2018) 157-166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.05.020
• [13] W. Wu, P. Geng, G. Li, D. Zhao, H. Zhang, J. Zhao, Influence of layer thickness and raster angle on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PEEK and a comparative mechanical study between PEEK and ABS, Materials 8/9 (2015) 5834-5846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma8095271
• [14] I.J. Solomon, P. Sevvel, J. Gunasekaran, A review on the various processing parameters in FDM, Materials Today: Proceedings 37/2 (2021) 509-514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.484
• [15] P.K. Mishra, P. Senthil, S. Adarsh, M.S. Anoop, An investigation to study the combined effect of different infill pattern and infill density on the impact strength of 3D printed polylactic acid parts, Composites Communications 24 (2021) 100605. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100605
• [16] C. Lubombo, M.A. Huneault, Effect of infill patterns on the mechanical performance of lightweight 3D-printed cellular PLA pa rts, Materials Today: Communications 17 (2018) 214-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2018.09.017
• [17] D.K. Yadav, R. Srivastava, S. Dev, Design and fabrication of ABS part by FDM for automobile application, Materials Today: Proceedings 26/2 (2020) 2089-2093. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.451
• [18] D. Jungivala, P.K. Gurrala, Finite element analysis of fused filament extrusion build part using different build orientation, Materials Today: Proceedings 38/5 (2021) 3264-3268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.10.010
• [19] K.R. Hart, E.D. Wetzel, Fracture behavior of additively manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) materials, Engineering Fracture Mechanics 177 (2017) 1-13.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2017.03.028
• [20] N.D. Patel, B.B. Patel, Fracture analysis of FDM manufactured acrylonitrile butadiene styrene using FEM, International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering 2/1 (2015) 84-90.
• [21] M. Othmani, Kh. Zarbane, A. Chouaf, Analysis of the porosity and mechanical behavior in compression of the abs parts obtained by the fused deposition modeling, Proceedings of the Moroccan Workshop on 3D Printing “MW3DP'19”, Casablanca, Morocco, 2019.
• [22] ISO 527-1:2012. Plastics ‒ Determination of tensile properties ‒ Part 1: General principles, International Organization of Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2012.
• [23] ISO 13586:2018. Plastics ‒ Determination of Fracture Toughness (GIC and KIC) ‒ Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) Approach, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.
• [24] ASTM D5045-99. Standard Test Methods for Plane-Strain Fracture Toughness and Strain Energy Release Rate of Plastic Materials, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1520/D5045-99
• [25] H. Tada, P.C. Paris, G.R. Irwin, The analysis of cracks handbook, Third Edition, ASME Press, New York, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.801535
• [26] A. Schmailzl, T. Amann, M. Glockner, M. Fadanelli, Finite element analysis of thermoplastic probes under tensile load using LS-DYNA compared to ANSYS WB 14 in correlation to experimental investigations, Proceedings of the ANSYS Conference and 30th CADFEM Users Meeting, Kassel, 2012, 1-10.
• [27] M. Othmani, A. Chouaf, Kh. Zarbane, Modeling and numerical analysis of the mechanical behavior of parts obtained by the FDM type additive manufacturing process, Proceedings of the Mediterranean Symposium on Smart City Application “SCAMS'17”, Tangier, Morocco, 2017, Article 3, 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3175628.3175654
• [28] K. Abouzaid, S. Guessasma, S. Belhabib, D. Bassir, A. Chouaf, Printability of co-polyester using fused deposition modeling and related mechanical performance, European Polymer Journal 108 (2018) 262-273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.08.034
• [29] M. Zeleke, E. Dintwa, K.N. Nwaigwe, Stress intensity factor computation of incl ined cracked tension plate using XFEM, Engineering Solid Mechanics 9/4 (2021) 363-376. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.7.002
• [30] F. Ning, W. Cong, J. Qiu, J. Wei, S. Wang, Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites using fused deposition modeling, Composites Part B: Engineering 80 (2015) 369-378. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.06.013
• [31] A.K. Sood, R.K. Ohdar, S.S. Mahapatra, Parametric appraisal of mechanical property of fused deposition modeling processed parts, Materials and Design 31/1 (2010) 287-295. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2009.06.016
• [32] T.D. McLouth, J.V. Severino, P.M. Adams, D.N.Patel, R.J. Zaldivar, The impact of print orientation and raster pattern on fracture toughness in additively manufactured ABS, Additive Manufacturing 18 (2017) 103-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2017.09.003
• [33] M. Othmani, Kh. Zarbane, A. Chouaf, Enhanced mesostructural modeling and prediction of the mechanical behavior of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene parts manufactured by fused deposition modeling, International Review of Mechanical Engineering 14/4 (2020) 243-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v14i4.17736
• [34] J.P. Isaac, S. Dondeti, H.V. Tippur, Crack initiation and growth in additively printed ABS: effect of print architecture studied using DIC, Additive Manufacturing 36 (2020) 101536. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2020.101536
• [35] R.J. Zaldivar, D.B. Witkin, T. McLouth, D.N. Patel, K.Schmitt, J.P. Nokes, Influence of processing and orientation print effects on the mechanical and thermal behavior of 3D-Printed ULTEM® 9085 Material, Additive Manufacturing 13 (2017) 71-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2016.11.007

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).