Techniki bioremediacji substancji ropopochodnych i metody oceny ich efektywności

• Autorzy: Podsiadło Ł , Krzyśko-Łupicka T.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Techniques of petroleum compounds bioremediation and methods of assessment of their effectiveness

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

W ostatnich latach bardzo duże znaczenie w usuwaniu ksenobiotyków mają metody biologiczne. Wiele gatunków mikroorganizmów występujących w środowisku glebowym ma zdolność do biodegradacji związków ropopochodnych. Ich rozkład jednak zwykle trwa latami. Intensyfikację tego procesu uzyskuje się głównie poprzez biostymulację i/lub wykorzystanie biopreparatów w formie wolnej biomasy lub immobilizowanej na nośnikach, takich jak alginian, akrylan czy karagen. Aktywność degradacyjna mikroorganizmów zależy od bioróżnorodności środowiska oraz parametrów fizykochemicznych, w tym dostępności związków odżywczych, temperatury, pH czy stężenia tlenu. Z tego powodu podczas bioremediacji bardzo ważnym aspektem jest monitorowanie zmian w składzie związków chemicznych oraz bioróżnorodności zanieczyszczonego środowiska. W artykule przedstawione zostały informacje na temat typów bioremediacji, wpływu czynników fizykochemicznych na efektywność rozkładu ksenobiotyków oraz metody monitorowania przemian związków chemicznych i dynamiki populacji mikroorganizmów w glebie.

EN

In the recent years the demand for petroleum and products associated with its processing, which contributes to the progressive contamination of the environment, has greatly increased. Crude oil consists primarily of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Bioremediation is a technique that combines achievements of microbiology and microbial ecology, biochemistry, genetics and chemistry. Xenobiotics may be removed in the place of contamination (in situ) or preceded by the transfer of contaminated soil from its natural area (ex situ). Many species of microorganisms found in the soil are capable of biodegradation of petroleum compounds. However, the natural biodegradation of petroleum compounds in soil usually takes a long time. The intensification of this process is achieved primarily by biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation. The first method is based on environmental enrichment in nutrients and ensuring optimal environmental conditions (temperature, pH, oxygen concentration). Bioaugmentation relies on the introduction into the environment selected strains of microorganisms capable of degrading xenobiotics in free cells form or immobilized biomass on carriers, such as alginate, acrylate, or carrageenan. Microbial degradation activity depends on biodiversity and physicochemical parameters, including the availability of nutrients, temperature, pH, and oxygen concentration. For this reason, during the bioremediation, a very important aspect is to monitor the changes in the chemical composition of the contaminated environment and the soil biodiversity. Nowadays, we have many laboratory techniques to identify microorganisms. Phenotypic methods include e.g. fatty acid analysis, cell wall structure, the enzyme activity or substrate utilization profile. One of the disadvantages in the analysis of the phenotype is that the full information contained in the genome is never expressed, because it is directly related to the environmental conditions (e.g. growth conditions in the laboratory). Nucleic acid is an excellent tool to study because it is characteristic of all living organisms. For this reason, the molecular biology methods are increasingly used for the identification of microorganisms (such as PCR, hybridization, sequencing, metagenomics). The article presents information about the types of bioremediation, the impact of physical and chemical factors on the efficiency of the xenobiotics decay and methods of monitoring of chemical transformations and dynamics of microorganisms populations in the soil.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

związki ropopochodne; bioremediacja; biostymulacja; bioaugmentacja; mikroorganizmy biodegradacyjne; metody identyfikacji mikroorganizmów

EN

petroleum compounds; bioremediation; biostimulation; bioaugmentation; biodegradation; microbial biodegradation; microbial identification methods

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: T. 16, nr 4
• Strony: 459--476
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 82 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Podsiadło Ł

• Uniwersytet Opolski, Wydział Przyrodniczo-Techniczny, Samodzielna Katedra Biotechnologii i Biologii Molekularnej,, ul. Kardynała Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole

autor

Krzyśko-Łupicka T.

• Uniwersytet Opolski, Wydział Przyrodniczo-Techniczny, Samodzielna Katedra Biotechnologii i Biologii Molekularnej,, ul. Kardynała Kominka 6, 45-032 Opole

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