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Over the last two decades, China and Russia have been developing Anti-Access/Area-Denial (A2/AD) systems Mainly based on long range Air Defense, ballistic and cruise missiles, supported by Electronic Warfare and cyberattack capabilities. Initially, these systems were used for defense purposes, but over time it was recognized they could be also applied for imposing military situation in the specific regions and create effective response to NATO countries and their concept of conducting military operations. The main aim of the article is to asses and present the impact of Chinese and Russian Anti-Access/Area-Denial (A2/AD) systems on changes in global political relations and balance of military power. In the course of this study, the author used numerous analyzes, synthesis, comparisons and case studies methods mainly concentrated on presently operating A2/AD systems. This article undertakes the analysis of the Chinese bases located in the South China Sea and Djibouti, Russian A2/AD systems within Russia's borders with particular emphasis on Kaliningrad Oblast, and A2/AD systems in Crimea and Syria created as part of Russian military operations. This research allowed us to conclude that some of the A2/AD systems serve to defend borders, while the rest are created to influence the geopolitical and military situation or to gain an advantage in the area of military operations. It can be also evaluate that the use of these systems allow dominate future conflicts because they enable to establish a full control zones which are completely closed for opponents forces operations.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
22--39
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- War Studies University, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Altman, J., Russian A2/AD in the Eastern Mediterranean: A Growing Risk,” Naval War College Review, Winter 2016, 69:1, Available online: https://www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/4ac8b59c-4634-44b3-af06-dee0203d6c67/Russian-A2-AD-in-the-Eastern-Mediterranean—A-Gro.aspx
- 2. Behrendt, P,. Jak Amerykanie chcą militarnie powstrzymać Chiny, (20.06.2021). Available online https://nowakonfederacja.pl/jak-amerykanie-chca-militarnie-powstrzymac-chiny/
- 3. Dobija, K. (2019). Uwarunkowania rozwoju system obrony powietrznej Polski, Warszawa: Akademia Sztuki Wojennej.
- 4. Georgetown Security Studies Review, Containing NATO: Russia’s Growing A2/AD Capability in the Mediterranean, (20.06.2021) Available online:https://georgetownsecu-ritystudiesreview.org/2017/02/21/containing-nato-russias-growing-a2ad-capability-in-the-mediterranean/#_edn10
- 5. Guizner, M., Clark, B. (2016). Winning the Salvo Competition Rebalancing America’s Air And Missile Defenses, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington.
- 6. Interim conceptual Ideas, NATO Ground Based Air Defense Operations (2020), Version 0.4, Brusel, April 2011.
- 7. Joint Operational Access Concept, Deparment of Defense, USA, 17 January 2012.
- 8. Krepinevich, A., Watss, B., Work R., (2003). Meeting the Anti-Access and Area –Denial Challenge, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, Washington.
- 9. Kreuder, G., Lead Turning the flight, (2013),The Joint Operational Access Concept and Joint Doctrine, JFQ/ issue 69, 2nd quarter 2013, ISSUE 69, 2nd quarter JFQ, NDU, Washington.
- 10. Michta, A., Odpowiedź na rosyjski system A2/AD to wielkie wyzwanie dla NATO, (1.07.2021). Available online https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Michta-Odpowiedz-na-rosyjski-system-A2-AD-to-wielkie-wyzwanie-dla-NATO-3554988.html
- 11. Paravicini G., New chess game between West and Russia, Politico, July 11, 2016, Available online: http://www.politico.eu/article/natos-struggle-to-close-defence-gaps-against-russia-a2ad/
- 12. Permal, S., China's Military Capability and Anti-access Area-denial Operations, Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India, Volume 10, 2014 Issue 2, Published Online: 10 Nov 2014.
- 13. Sukhankin S., From ‘Bridge of Cooperation’ to A2/AD‘Bubble’: The Dangerous Transformation of Kaliningrad Oblast, The Journal of Slavic Military Studies, Volume 31, 2018 Issue 1, Published Online:09 Feb 2018.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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