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Amerykańska strategiczna triada nuklearna

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Warianty tytułu
EN
American Strategic Nuclear Triad
Języki publikacji
PL EN
Abstrakty
EN
This article discusses the nuclear deterrence potential of the United States of America. The aim of the publication is to answer the question about changes which have been occurring in American nuclear arsenals in recent years. The author discusses the historical background and the factors affecting the current state of the US nuclear triad. The article describes all the components of the triad, that is land-based nuclear weapons located on board strategic nuclear submarines and carried by strategic bombers. The main ways of delivery of nuclear weapons used operationally are discussed and their future, in accordance with the plans of the US administration. An attempt is made to highlight recently intensified activities aimed at maintaining and modernising weapon systems currently held and new weapons designs planned for implementation. This is of great importance, on one hand, due to the dynamic changes in the international security environment, and on the other hand due to the financial constraints which US armed forces are currently subjected to.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
53--75
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. Tadeusza Kościuszki we Wrocławiu
Bibliografia
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  • 3. Department of Defense, “Aircraft Procurement Plan, Fiscal Years 2012-2041,” March 2011 <www.airforcemag.com/SiteCollectionDocuments/Reports/2011/May%202011/Day25/AircraftProctPlan2012-2041_052511.pdf>.
  • 4. Drell S. D., Goodby J. E.. What Are Nuclear Weapons For? Recommendations for
  • 5. Restructuring U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces, Arms Control Association, Updated October 2007.
  • 6. Federal Business Opportunities, “Broad Agency Announcement—Ground-Based Strategic Deterrence,” BAAAFNWC-XZ-13-001Rev2, March 29, 2013, <https://www.fbo.gov/spg/USAF/AFMC/377CONSKOC/BAA-AFNWCXZ-13001/listing.html>; Government Accountability Office, “ICBM Modernization,” p. 10.
  • 7. Fiszer M., Gruszczyński J., Siły Powietrzne Stanów Zjednoczonych, Lotnictwo 01/2013.
  • 8. Global Security Newswire, U.S. Deactivates 50 Strategic Missiles, August 4, 2008.
  • 9. Henski P., Modernizacje B-52 Stratofortress, Lotnictwo 08/2014.
  • 10. http://www.defense.gov/contracts/contract.aspx? contractid=4943. (dostęp: 28.01.2013 r.)
  • 11. Isby D.C., USAF reports progress on its next-gen ICBM, IHS Jane’s International Defence Review, Nov. 2014, Vol. 47, s. 17.
  • 12. Kristensen H. M., Norris R. S., US Nuclear Forces, 2014. www.fas.org
  • 13. Natural Resources Defense Council. Table of U.S. Strategic Offensive Force Loadings. Archive of Nuclear Data. http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/nudb/datab1.asp (dostęp: 12.01.2013 r.)
  • 14. O’Rourke R., “Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[XJ) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues fo r Congress,” Congressional Research Service, October 22, 2013, p. 12, <www.fas.org/sgp/crs/weapons/R41129.pdf>.
  • 15. Raport Kongresowego Biura Badań, US Strat. Nuclear, http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33640.pdf (dostęp: 28.01.2013 r.)
  • 16. Reed T.C., Stillman D.B., “The Nuclear Express: A Pol itical History ofthe Bomb and Its Proliferation”, Zenith Press, Minneapolis 2009, s. 34.
  • 17. Report of the Secretary of Defense Task Force on DOD Nuclear Weapons Management (the Schlesinger Commission), Phase I: The Air Force’s Nuclear Mission, Washington, DC September 2008. http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/Phase_I_Report_Sept_10. pdf.
  • 18. Rotter A. J., Bomba atomowa. Świat wobec zagrożenia, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2011.
  • 19. Rybak E.F, Gruszczyński J., BGM-109 Tomahawk, Nowa Technika Wojskowa 09/2001.
  • 20. Schanz M.V., Global Strike Evolution, Air Force Magazine, August 2014, http://www.airforcemag. com/Magazine Archive/Pages/2014/August%202014/Global-Strike-Evolution.aspx
  • 21. SIPRI Yearbook 2013.
  • 22. Sirak М., DOD Studies Future Role of Nuclear-Armed Cruise Missiles, Defense Daily, March 30, 2006.
  • 23. Strategiczne siły jądrowe wybranych państw, [red.] ppłk dr inż. G. Nowacki, AON, Warszawa 2002.
  • 24. USAF Almanac 2013
  • 25. U.S. Department of Defense, Nuclear Posture Review, Washington, DC, April 6, 2010.
  • 26. http://www.defense.gov/npr/docs/2010%20Nuclear%20Posture%20Review%20Report.pdf.
  • 27. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Arms Control, Verification and Compliance, “New START Treaty Aggregate Numbers of Strategic Offensive Arms,” ctober 1, 2013, <www.state.gov/t/avc/rls/215000. htm>.
  • 28. U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Verification, Compliance and Inspection. Fact Sheet. START Aggregate Numbers o f Strategic Offensive Weapons. october 1, 2009. Washington, DC. http://www. whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/04/08/new-start-treatyand-protocol#section4 (dostęp: 31.01.2013 r.)
  • 29. Weisgerber М., Air Force To Develop New Long-Range, Optionally Manned Bomber, “Inside the Air Force”, January 6, 2011.
  • 30. Weisgerber М., “USAF To Activate Rotational Nuclear Bomber Squadron Next Month," Inside Defense, September 26, 2008.
  • 31. Wolfsthal J.B., Lewis J., Quint М., The Trillion Dollars Nuclear Triad, James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies, Monterey, January 2014.
  • 32. Woolf A. F.,“U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues," Congressional Research Service, October 22, 2013, p. 8, . (dostęp: 28.01.2013 r.)
  • 33. www.af.mil/ AboutU s/FactSheets. aspx.
  • 34. www.whitehouse.gov
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-60bf530f-8daf-4dab-85cc-fc942b0a53f6
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