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The incomplete, articulated, right pes of an aetosaur, extracted from the lower bone-bearing horizon of the Krasiejów Late Triassic site, is larger than any other, known from among the Aetosauria. Its individual bones resemble those of at least three genera: Desmatosuchus (astragalus), Typothorax (ungual phalanges), and Stagonolepis (metatarsals). This underscores the highly speculative nature of the taxonomical classification of isolated postcranial bones and makes it impossible to assign the limb to any particular genus. The phalangeal formula is 2-3-4-5-?; for the fifth finger: 2/3/4 is possible. The anatomy of the pes indicates adaptation for digging.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
389--396
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 58 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- European Centre of Palaeontology of the University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
autor
- University of Opole, Institute of Biology, ul. Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland
autor
- University of Opole, Institute of Biology, ul. Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Agassiz, L., 1844. Monographie des poissons fossiles du Vieux Gres Rouge ou Systéme Dévonien (Old Red Sandstone) des iles Britanniques et de Russie. Jent et Gassmann, Neuchätel, 171 pp.
- 2. Antczak, M., 2016. Late Triassic aetosaur (Archosauria) from Krasiejów (SW Poland): new species or an example of individual variation? Geological Journal, 51: 779-788.
- 3. Averianov, A. O. & Lopatin, A. V., 2019. Sauropod diversity in the Upper Cretaceous Nemegt Formation of Mongolia - a possible new specimen of Nemegtosaurus. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 64: 313-321.
- 4. Benton, M. J., 1983. The Triassic reptile Hyperodapedon from Elgin: functional morphology and relationships. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, 302: 605-718.
- 5. Bodzioch, A. & Kowal-Linka, M., 2012. Unravelling the origin of the Late Triassic multitaxic bone accumulation at Krasiejów (S Poland) by diagenetic analysis. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 346-347: 25-36.
- 6. Carpenter, K., 2018. Maraapunisaurus fragillimus, n.g. (formerly Amphicoelias fragillimus), a basal rebbachisaurid from the Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) of Colorado. Geology of the Intermountain West, 5: 227-244.
- 7. Casamiquela, R., 1967. Materiales adicionales y reinterpretación de Aetosauroides scagliai (de Ischigualasto, San Juan). Revista del Museo de La Plata, 5: 173-196.
- 8. Chatterjee, S., 1993. Shuvosaurus, a new theropod. Research and Exploration, 9: 274-285.
- 9. Coombs, M. C., 1983. Large mammalian clawed herbivores: a comparative study. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 73: 1-96.
- 10. Cope, E. D., 1878. A new species of Amphicoelias. American Naturalist, 12: 563-565.
- 11. Davis, E. B. & McHorse, B. K., 2013. A method for improved identification of postcrania from mammalian fossil assemblages: multivariate discriminant function analysis of camelid astragali. Palaeontologia Electronica, 16: 1-15.
- 12. Desojo, J. B. & Báez, A. M., 2005. The postcranial skeleton of Neoaetosauroides (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of west central Argentina. Ameghiniana, 41: 115-126.
- 13. Desojo, J. B. & Ezcurra, M. D., 2011. A reappraisal of the taxonomic status of Aetosauroides (Archosauria: Aetosauria) specimens from the Late Triassic of South America and their proposed synonymy with Stagonolepis. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 31: 596-609.
- 14. Desojo, J. B., Ezcurra, M. D. & Kischlat, E. E., 2012. A new aetosaur genus (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3166: 1-33.
- 15. Desojo, J. B., Heckert, A. B., Martz, J. W., Parker, W. G., Schoch, R. R., Small, B. J. & Sulej, T., 2013. Aetosauria: a clade of armoured pseudosuchians from the Upper Triassic continental beds. In: Nesbitt, S. J., Desojo, J. B. & Irmis, R. B. (eds), Anatomy, Phylogeny, and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 379: 203-239.
- 16. Dróżdż, D., 2018. Osteology of a forelimb of an aetosaur Stagonolepis olenkae (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia: Aetosauria) from the Krasiejów locality in Poland and its probable adaptations for a scratch-digging behavior. PeerJ, 6: e5595.
- 17. Dzik, J. & Sulej, T., 2007. A review of the early Late Triassic Krasiejów biota from Silesia, Poland. Palaeontologica Polonica, 64: 3-27.
- 18. Dzik, J., Sulej, T., Kaim, A. & Niedźwiedzki, R., 2000. A late Triassic tetrapod graveyard in the Opole Silesia (SW Poland). Przegląd Geologiczny, 48: 226-235. [In Polish, with English summary.]
- 19. Górnicki, S., 2017. Education and Outreach: The history of dinosaur palaeoart. Palaeontology Online, 7: 1-9.
- 20. Gruszka, B. & Zieliński, T., 2008. Evidence for a very low-energy fluvial system: a case study from the dinosaur-bearing Upper Triassic rocks of Southern Poland. Geological Quarterly, 52: 239-252.
- 21. Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G., 1999. A new aetosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic of Texas and the phylogeny of aetosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19: 50-68.
- 22. Heckert, A. B. & Lucas, S. G., 2000. Taxonomy, phylogeny, biostratigraphy, biochronology, paleobiogeography, and evolution of the Late Triassic Aetosauria (Archosauria: Crurotarsi). Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 1998: 1539-1587.
- 23. Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G. & Harris, J. D., 1999. An aetosaur (Reptilia: Archosauria) from the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, Canyonlands National Park, Utah. National Park Service Paleontological Research Technical Report, v. NPS/NRGRD/ GRDTR-99/03: 23-26.
- 24. Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Hunt, A. P. & Spielmann, J. A., 2007. Late Triassic aetosaur biochronology revisited. New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science Bulletin, 41: 49-50.
- 25. Heckert, A. B., Lucas, S. G., Rinehart, L. F., Celeskey, M. D., Spielmann, J. A. & Hunt, A. P., 2010. Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: early-mid Norian), eastern New Mexico, USA. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 30: 619-642.
- 26. Heckert, A. B., Zeigler, K. E. & Lucas, S. G., 2003. Aetosaurs (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic (Revueltian) Snyder Quarry, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 24: 115-126.
- 27. Hildebrand, M., 1974. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 710 pp.
- 28. Hildebrand, M., 1983. Digging of quadrupeds. In: Hildebrand, M., Bramble, D. M., Liem, K. F. & Wake, D. B. (eds), Functional Vertebrate Morphology. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, pp. 89-109.
- 29. Jenkins, F. A., Shubin, N. H., Amaral, W. W., Gatesy, S. M., Schaff, C. R., Clemmensen, L. B., Downs, W. R., Davidson, A. R., Bonde, N. & Osbaeck, F. F., 1994. Late Triassic continental vertebrates and depositional environments of the Fleming Fjord Formation, Jameson Land, East Greenland. Meddelelser om Grønland, Geoscience, 32: 1-25.
- 30. Lecuona, A. & Desojo, J. B., 2011. Hind limb osteology of Gracilisuchus stipanicicorum (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia). Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 102: 105-128.
- 31. Long, R. A. & Murry, P. A., 1995. Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian) tetrapods from the southwestern United States. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin, 4, 254 pp.
- 32. Lucas, S. G., 2015. Age and correlation of Late Triassic tetrapods from southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 627-635.
- 33. Lucas, S. G. & Heckert, A. B., 2011. Late Triassic aetosaurs as the trackmaker of the tetrapod footprint ichnotaxon Brachychirotherium. Ichnos, 18: 197-208.
- 34. Lucas, S. G., Heckert, A. B. & Hunt, A. P., 2002. A new species of the aetosaur Typothorax (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of east-central New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 21: 221-233.
- 35. Lucas, S. G., Spielmann, J. A. & Hunt, A. P., 2007. Taxonomy of Shuvosaurus, a Late Triassic archosaur from the Chinle Group, American Southwest. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 41: 259-261.
- 36. Maleev, E. A., 1954. Noviy cherepachoobrazhniy yashcher v Mongolii. Priroda, 43: 106-108. [In Russian.]
- 37. Mantell, G. A., 1825. Notice on the Iguanodon, a newly discovered fossil reptile, from the sandstone of Tilgate forest, in Sussex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 115: 179-186.
- 38. Marsh, O. C., 1884. The classification and affinities of dinosaurian reptiles. Nature, 31: 68-69.
- 39. Martz, J. W., 2002. The Morphology and Ontogeny of Typothorax coccinarum (Archosauria, Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic of the American Southwest. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Texas Tech University, 279 pp.
- 40. McHenry, H. M. & Brown, C. C., 2008. Side steps: the erratic pattern of hominin postcranial change through time. Journal of Human Evolution, 55: 639-651.
- 41. Mounce, R. C. P., Sansom, R. & Wills, M. A., 2016. Sampling diverse characters improves phylogenies: craniodental and postcranial characters of vertebrates often imply different trees. Evolution, 70: 666-686.
- 42. Parker, W. G., 2008. Description of new material of the aetosaur Desmatosuchus spurensis (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Chinle Formation of Arizona and a revision of the genus Desmatosuchus. PaleoBios, 28: 281-40.
- 43. Parker, W. G., 2016. Revised phylogenetic analysis of the Aetosauria (Archosauria: Pseudosuchia); assessing the effects of incongruent morphological character sets. PeerJ, 4:e1583, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1583
- 44. Parker, W. G., 2018. Anatomical notes and discussion of the first described aetosaur Stagonolepis robertsoni (Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of Europe, and the use of plesiomorphies in aetosaur biochronology. PeerJ, 6:e5455, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5455
- 45. Parrish, J. M., 1994. Cranial osteology of Longosuchus meadei and the phylogeny and distribution of the Aetosauria. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 14: 196-209.
- 46. Paul, G. S., 2007. Turning the old into the new: a separate genus for the gracile iguanodont from the Wealden of England. In: Carpenter, K. (ed.), Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, pp. 69-77.
- 47. Roberto-da-Silva, L. C., Desojo, J. B., Cabreira, S. R. F., Aires, A. S. S., Müller, R. T., Pacheco, C. P. & Dias-Da-Silva, S. R., 2014. A new aetosaur from the Upper Triassic of the Santana Maria Formation southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 3764: 240-278.
- 48. Salvagno, L. & Albarella, U., 2017. A morphometric system to distinguish sheep and goat postcranial bones. PLoS ONE, 12: e0178543.
- 49. Sander, P. M., Christian, A., Clauss, M., Fechner, R., Gee, C. T., Griebeler, E. M., Gunga, H. C., Hummel, J., Mallison, H., Perry, S. F., Preuschoft, H., Rauhut, O. W., Remes, K., Tütken, T., Wings, O. & Witzel, U., 2011. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, 86: 117-155.
- 50. Schoch, R. R., 2007. Osteology of the small archosaur Aetosaurus from the Upper Triassic of Germany. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 246: 1-35.
- 51. Schoch, R. R. & Desojo, J. B., 2016. Cranial anatomy of the aetosaur Paratypothorax andressorum Long & Ballew, 1985, from the Upper Triassic of Germany and its bearing on aetosaur phylogeny. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen, 279: 73-95.
- 52. Small, B. J., 2002. Cranial anatomy of Desmatosuchus haplocerus (Reptilia: Archosauria: Stagonolepididae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136: 97-111.
- 53. Stokstad, E., 2007. Did horny young dinosaurs cause illusion of separate species? Science, 318: 1236.
- 54. Sulej, T., 2010. The skull of an early Late Triassic aetosaur and the evolution of the stagonolepidid archosaurian reptiles. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 158: 860-881.
- 55. Szulc, J., Racki, G. & Jewuła, K., 2015a. Key aspects of the stratigraphy of the Upper Silesian middle Keuper, southern Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 557-586.
- 56. Szulc, J., Racki, G., Jewuła, K. & Środoń, J., 2015b. How many Upper Triassic bone-bearing levels are there in Upper Silesia (southern Poland)? A critical overview of stratigraphy and facies. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 85: 587-626.
- 57. Walker, A. D., 1961. Triassic reptiles from the Elgin area: Stagonolepis, Dasygnathus and their allies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 244: 103-204.
- 58. Weinbaum, J. C., 2013. Postcranial skeleton of Postosuchus kirkpatricki (Archosauria: Paracrocodylomorpha), from the upper Triassic of the United States. In: Nesbitt, S. J., Desojo, J. B. & Irmis, R. B. (eds), Anatomy, Phylogeny, and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 379: 203-239.
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Bibliografia
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