Stress intensity factor against fracture toughness in functionally graded geopolymers

• Autorzy: Nazari A. , Sanjayan J. G.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1016/j.acme.2015.06.005

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The benefits of producing functionally graded geopolymer in terms of their modified stress intensity factor and fracture toughness are discussed in the present paper. Pre-notched functionally graded geopolymer beams were fabricated by two different fly ash-based geopolymer mixtures. The load was applied parallel to the functionally graded region; two different structures were evaluated by changing the position of the notch. The obtained results indicated that the crack nucleation and growth depend on the interaction between stress intensity factor and fracture toughness. According to the notch position, a crack experience upward or downward variations of properties. When the crack is located in the mixture with the lowest toughness, the variation of properties is called upward and vice versa. A crack facing an upward fracture toughness region is arrested, when the applied stress is equal to the weakest strength of the constituent materials. On the other hand, the fracture toughness of a crack facing a downward fracture toughness gradient is more than that facing an upward one, without any subsequent arresting. It was shown that the position of the notch, and experiencing of downward or upward gradient in mechanical properties mainly determine the final flexural strength of the specimens.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

geopolymers; fracture toughness; analytical modelling; stress intensity factor

PL

geopolimery; odporność na pękanie; modelowanie analityczne; naprężenia

• Wydawca: Springer ; Wrocław University of Science and Technology
• Czasopismo: Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 15, no. 4
• Strony: 1007--1016
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 35 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Nazari A.

• Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia

autor

Sanjayan J. G.

• Centre for Sustainable Infrastructure, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia

Bibliografia

• [1] Y. Chen, L.J. Struble, G.H. Paulino, Fabrication of functionally graded-cellular structures of cement-based materials by co-extrusion, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 973, 2008, February, 532.
• [2] B. Shen, M. Hubler, G.H. Paulino, L.J. Struble, Manufacturing and mechanical testing of a new functionally graded fiber reinforced cement composite, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 973, 2008, February, 519.
• [3] B. Shen, M. Hubler, G.H. Paulino, L.J. Struble, Functionally-graded fiber-reinforced cement composite: processing, microstructure, and properties, Cement and Concrete Composites 30 (8) (2008) 663–673.
• [4] J. Roesler, A. Bordelon, C. Gaedicke, K. Park, G. Paulino, Fracture behavior and properties of functionally graded fiber-reinforced concrete, in: AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 973, 2008, February, 513.
• [5] K. Park, G.H. Paulino, J. Roesler, Cohesive fracture model for functionally graded fiber reinforced concrete, Cement and Concrete Research 40 (6) (2010) 956–965.
• [6] X.D. Wen, J.L. Tu, W.Z. Gan, Durability protection of the functionally graded structure concrete in the splash zone, Construction and Building Materials 41 (2013) 246–251.
• [7] C.M.R. Dias, H. Savastano Jr., V.M. John, Exploring the potential of functionally graded materials concept for the development of fiber cement, Construction and Building Materials 24 (2) (2010) 140–146.
• [8] A. Apuzzo, R. Barretta, R. Luciano, Some analytical solutions of functionally graded Kirchhoff plates, Composites Part B: Engineering 68 (2015) 266–269.
• [9] N.W. Chen-Tan, A. Van Riessen, C.V. Ly, D.C. Southam, Determining the reactivity of a fly ash for production of geopolymer, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 92 (4) (2009) 881–887.
• [10] I. Ismail, S.A. Bernal, J.L. Provis, S. Hamdan, J.S. van Deventer, Microstructural changes in alkali activated fly ash/slag geopolymers with sulfate exposure, Materials and Structures 46 (3) (2013) 361–373.
• [11] A. Kumar, S. Kumar, Development of paving blocks from synergistic use of red mud and fly ash using geopolymerization, Construction and Building Materials 38 (2013) 865–871.
• [12] K. Somna, C. Jaturapitakkul, P. Kajitvichyanukul, P. Chindaprasirt, NaOH-activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature, Fuel 90 (6) (2011) 2118–2124.
• [13] Z.X. Yang, J.M. Zhao, K.H. Hwang, S.J. Shin, H.R. Lee, Strength enhancement of sludge based geopolymer by Si/Al ratio variation, Advanced Materials Research 610 (2013) 518–521.
• [14] Y.C. Wang, Y.J. Zhang, D.L. Xu, L.C. Liu, Influence of different curing temperatures on mechanical properties of alkali activated silica fume and fly ash based geopolymer, Materials Research Innovations 17 (s1) (2013) s21–s25.
• [15] G.S. Ryu, Y.B. Lee, K.T. Koh, Y.S. Chung, The mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymer concrete with alkaline activators, Construction and Building Materials 47 (2013) 409–418.
• [16] A. Nazari, J.G. Sanjayan, Modelling of fracture strength of functionally graded geopolymer, Construction and Building Materials 58 (2014) 38–45.
• [17] A. Nazari, J.G. Sanjayan, Compressive strength of functionally graded geopolymers: role of position of layers, Construction and Building Materials 75 (2015) 31–34.
• [18] Y. Liu, D.W. Shu, Free vibration analysis of exponential functionally graded beams with a single delamination, Composites Part B: Engineering 59 (2014) 166–172.
• [19] Z. Belabed, M.S. Ahmed Houari, A. Tounsi, S.R. Mahmoud, O. Anwar Bég, An efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded material (FGM) plates, Composites Part B: Engineering 60 (2014) 274–283.
• [20] K.S. Na, J.H. Kim, Three-dimensional thermal buckling analysis of functionally graded materials, Composites Part B: Engineering 35 (5) (2004) 429–437.
• [21] W. Zhao, Z. Hu, X. Zhang, H. Xie, L. Yu, The dynamic stress intensity factor around the anti-plane crack in an infinite strip functionally graded material under impact loading, Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics 74 (2014) 1–6.
• [22] U.H. Bankar, V. Parameswaran, Fracture of edge cracked layered plates subjected to in-plane bending, Experimental Mechanics 53 (2) (2013) 287–298.
• [23] I.V. Ivanov, T. Sadowski, D. Pietras, Crack propagation in functionally graded strip under thermal shock, European Physical Journal Special Topics 222 (7) (2013) 1587–1595.
• [24] A. Bagheri, A. Nazari, Compressive strength of high strength class C fly ash-based geopolymers with reactive granulated blast furnace slag aggregates designed by Taguchi method, Materials & Design 54 (2014) 483–490.
• [25] A. Autef, E. Joussein, A. Poulesquen, G. Gasgnier, S. Pronier, I. Sobrados, J. Sanz, S. Rossignol, Influence of metakaolin purities on potassium geopolymer formulation: the existence of several networks, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 408 (2013) 43–58.
• [26] W.D. Rickard, R. Williams, J. Temuujin, A. van Riessen, Assessing the suitability of three Australian fly ashes as an aluminosilicate source for geopolymers in high temperature applications, Materials Science and Engineering: A 528 (9) (2011) 3390–3397.
• [27] M. Ben Haha, G. Le Saout, F. Winnefeld, B. Lothenbach, Influence of activator type on hydration kinetics, hydrate assemblage and microstructural development of alkali activated blast-furnace slags, Cement and Concrete Research 41 (3) (2011) 301–310.
• [28] A.T. Durant, K.J. MacKenzie, Synthesis of sodium and potassium aluminogermanate inorganic polymers, Materials Letters 65 (13) (2011) 2086–2088.
• [29] A. Hajimohammadi, J.L. Provis, J.S. van Deventer, The effect of silica availability on the mechanism of geopolymerization, Cement and Concrete Research 41 (3) (2011) 210–216.
• [30] M. Romagnoli, C. Leonelli, E. Kamse, M. Lassinantti Gualtieri, Rheology of geopolymer by DOE approach, Construction and Building Materials 36 (2012) 251–258.
• [31] J. Davidovits, Geopolymer cements to minimize carbon-dioxide greenhouse warming, in: M. Moukwa, S.L. Sarkar, K. Luke, et al. (Eds.), Ceramic Transactions Cement-Based Materials: Present, Future, and Environmental Aspects, The American Ceramic Society, Westerville, 1993 165–181.
• [32] A. Kusbiantoro, M.F. Nuruddin, N. Shafiq, S.A. Qazi, The effect of microwave incinerated rice husk ash on the compressive and bond strength of fly ash based geopolymer concrete, Construction and Building Materials 36 (2012) 695–703.
• [33] H.G.V. Oss, Cement. United States Geological Survey: Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2011.
• [34] S. Hanjitsuwan, S. Hunpratub, P. Thongbai, S. Maensiri, V. Sata, P. Chindaprasirt, Effects of NaOH concentrations on physical and electrical properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer paste, Cement and Concrete Composites 45 (2014) 9–14.
• [35] A.F. Bower, Applied Mechanics of Solids, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2009.