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To investigate the impact of various Al-Ti-B grain-refiners on solidification and grain-refining performance, a wrought aluminium alloy AA6182 was used. Three different grain-refiners from different manufacturers were used to establish the efficiency, i.e. contact time before casting, on the primary solidification and grain formation size. The primary solidification of α-Al grains at inoculation was observed by using thermal analysis (TA). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used in order to analyze the quality of various grain-refiners. The size of the primary grains was analyzed using optical microscopy (OM). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate the size and distribution of Al3Ti and TiB2 particles in various grain-refiners and to establish the best efficiency of the investigated grain-refiners. Within 1-4 min of inoculation the smallest fine equiaxed grains were achieved when either one of the investigated grain-refiners was added. It was established, that grain-refiner A contains higher content of impurities which do not melt in the experimental temperature range made by DSC method. The most pure grain-refiner turned out to be grain-refiner B, in which the most optimal number of TiB2 particles and particle size distribution was found.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
739--746
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., fot., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Aškerčeva 12, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
- Institut of Metals and Technology, Lepi Pot 11, 1000 Ljubljana
autor
- Impol Group, Partizanska 38, 2310 Slovenska Bistrica
autor
- Impol Group, Partizanska 38, 2310 Slovenska Bistrica
Bibliografia
- [1] Y. Birol, Al-Ti-B grain refiners via powder metallurgy processing of Al/K2TiF6/KBF4 powder blends. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 480, 311-314 (2009).
- [2] Y. Birol, A novel Al-Ti-B alloy for grain refining Al-Si foundry alloys. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 486, 219-222 (2009).
- [3] Z. Fan, Y. Wang, Y. Zhang, T. Qin, X. R. Zhou, G. E. Thompson, T. Pennycook, T. Hashimoto, Grain refining mechanism in the Al/Al-Ti-B system. Acta Materialia 84, 292-304 (2015).
- [4] S. A. Kori, B. S. Murty, M. Chakraborty, Development of an efficient grain refiner for Al-7Si alloy and its modification with strontium. Materials Science and Engineering A283, 94-104 (2000).
- [5] P. Li, S. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Liu, Grain refinement of A356 alloy by Al-Ti-B-C master alloy and its effect on mechanical properties. Materials and Design 47, 522-528 (2013).
- [6] F. Wang, Z. Liu, D. Qiu, J. A. Taylor, M. A. Easton, M.-X. Zhang, Revisiting the role of peritectics in grain refinement of Al alloys. Acta Materialia 61, 360-370 (2013).
- [7] G. S. Vinod Kumar, B. S. Murty, M. Chakraborty, Grain refinement response of LM25 alloy towards Al-Ti-C and Al-Ti-B grain refiners. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 472, 112-120 (2009).
- [8] A. Cibula, The grain refinement of aluminium alloy castings by additions of titanium and boron. J. Inst. Met. 80, 1-16 (1951).
- [9] F. A. Crossley, L. F. Mondolfo, Mechanism of grain refinement in aluminum alloys. AIME Trans. 191, 1143-1148 (1951).
- [10] J. A. Marcantonio, L. F. Mondolfo, Nucleation of aluminium by several intermetallic compounds. J. Inst. Met. 98, 23-27 (1970).
- [11] I. Maxwell, A. Hellawell, A simple model for grain refinement during solidification. Acta Metall. 23, 229-237 (1975).
- [12] I. G. Davies, J. M. Dennis, A. Hellawell, The nucleation of aluminum grains in alloys of aluminum with titanium and boron. Metall. Mater. Trans. B 1, 275-280 (1970).
- [13] M. Vader, J. Noordegraaf, P. C. Van Wiggen, in: E. L. Rooy (Ed.), Light Metals, TMS, Warrendale, PA, 1123-1130 (1991).
- [14] L. Backerud, P. Gustafson, M. Johnsson, Grain refining mechanisms in aluminium as a result of additions of titanium and boron. I. Aluminum 67, 910-915 (1991).
- [15] G. P. Jones, in: J. Beech, H. Jones (Eds.), Solidification Processing, Sheffield: University of Sheffield, 496 (1987).
- [16] P. S. Mohanty, J. E. Gruzleski, Mechanism of grain refinement in aluminium. Acta Mater. 43, 2001-2012 (1995).
- [17] M. Johnsson, L. Backrud, G. K. Sigworth, Study of mechanism of grain refinement of aluminium after addition of Ti- and Bcontaining master alloys. Metall. Trans. A 24A, p. 481 (1993).
- [18] K. T. Kashyap, T. Chandrashekar, Effects and mechanisms of grain refinement in aluminium alloys. Bull. Mater. Sci. 24, 345-353 (2001).
- [19] L. Zhou, F. Gao, G. S. Peng, N. Alba-Baena, Effect of potent TiB2 addition levels and impurities on the grain refinement of Al. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 689, 401-407 (2016).
- [20] C.-T. Lee, S.-W. Chen, Quantities of grains of aluminum and those of TiB2 and Al3Ti particles added in the grain-refining processes. Materials Science and Engineering A325, 242-248 (2002).
- [21] G. Sha, K. O’Reilly, B. Cantor, R. Hamerton, J. Worth, Effect of Grain Refiner on Intermetallic Phase Formation in Directional Solidification of 6xxx Series Wrought Al Alloys. Material Science Forum 331-337, 253-258 (2000).
- [22] X. Wang, J. Song, W. Vian, H. MA, Q. Han, The Interface of TiB2 and Al3Ti in Molten Aluminum. Metallurgical and materials transactions B 47B, 3285-3290 (2016).
- [23] P. Schumacher, A. L. Greer, J. Worth, P. V. Evans, M. A. Kearns, P. Fisher, A. H. Green, New studies of nucleation mechanisms in aluminium alloys: implications for grain refinement practice. Materials Science and Technology 14 (5), 394-404 (1998).
- [24] Y. Zhang, S. Ji, Z. Fan, Improvement of mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy with effective grain refinement by in-situ integrated Al2.2Ti1B-Mg refiner. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 710, 166-171 (2017).
- [25] H. Yua, N. Wang, R. Guana, D. Tie, Z. Li, Y. Ana, Y. Zhang, Evolution of secondary phase particles during deformation of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy and their effect on -Al grain refinement. Journal of Materials Science & Technology (2018).
- [26] C. Limmaneevichitr, W. Eidhed, Fading mechanism of grain refinement of aluminum/silicon alloy with Al/Ti/B grain refiners. Materials Science and Engineering A 349, 197-206 (2003).
Uwagi
EN
1. This work was supported by A Republic of Slovenia, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport and by European Commission, European Regional Development. This work was made in a frame of program Materials and Technologies for New Applications (MARTINA, grand number: C3330-16-529008).
PL
2. Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-60400ef3-c69a-4ae8-b2d6-68141c84c820