Parameters of the Signal: Their Non-Locality vs. Averaging Character

• Autorzy: Smołalski G.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

A parameter of the signal segment is regarded as a measurand here. In a set of parameters the support of which consists of more than one element, a subset of averaging parameters is defined as those being reflexive, symmetric, bisymmetric, increasing monotonic, cancellable and continuous. These attributes, previously defined for discrete operations (B. Ellis, J. Pfanzagl), are in Section 3 reformulated for functional operations projecting signal segments into real numbers. Their meanings are explained and examples are given. Then, in Section 4, it is analysed to what degree these theoretical attributes are achieved in three kinds of circuits: in a low pass RC filter, in an integrator, and in a sample-and–hold circuit (S/H). The coefficient (12) was proposed for the evaluation of the circuit’s ability to provide a symmetric parameter. This attribute, although possessed by the integrator almost perfectly, is not achievable in the filter and S/H circuit. Thus the quasi-instant parameters provided by the S/H cannot be considered as averaged. The period of an effective influence of the input signal on the output voltage, and the delay introduced by the S/H circuit, are defined.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

measurement subject; signal segment; quasi-instant parameter; averaged parameter; integrator; sample-and-hold circuit

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo PAK
• Czasopismo: Measurement Automation Monitoring
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 62, No. 11
• Strony: 354--360
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 14 poz., rys., wykr., wzory

Twórcy

autor

Smołalski G.

• Department of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego St., 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

Bibliografia

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• [7] Wehrman W.: A new line of stochastic-ergodic measuring instruments. NORMA Tech.Inform. VIII, pp. 3-12, 1971.
• [8] Smołalski G.: A stochastic comparison used in any moment of the signal measurement. Naučnaja Apparat. – Sci. Instrum., vol. I, no. 3, pp. 91-99, 1986.
• [9] Graeme J. G., Tobey G. E.: Operational amplifiers. Design and applications. McGraw Hill Book Company, 1971.
• [10] Van de Plassche R.: Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, Massachusetts, 1994.
• [11] Tietze U., Schenk Ch.:, Halbleiter-Schaltungstechnik, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1993.
• [12] Precision Measurement and Calibration. Selected NBS Papers on Electricity – Low Frequency. Herman F.L., Dziuba R.F. (Eds). United States Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Special Publication 300, Vol. 3, pp. 275-329.
• [13] Goyal R., Brodie B. T.: Recent advances in precision ac measurements. IEEE Trans. Instr. Meas. IM-33 (3), 1984, pp. 164-167.
• [14] Ott W. E.: A new technique of thermal rms measurement. IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits SC-9 (6), 1974, pp. 374-380.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).