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The generalization of the Kac-Bernstein Theorem

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Abstrakty
EN
The Skitovich-Darmois Theorem of the early 1950's establishes the normality of independent X1, X2,…, Xn from the independence of two linear forms in these random variables. Existing proofs generally rely on the theorems of Marcinkiewicz and Cramér, which are based on analytic function theory. We present a self-contained real-variable proof of the essence of this theorem viewed as a generalization of the case n = 2, which is generally called Bernstein's Theorem, and also adapt an early little known argument of Kac to provide a direct simple proof when n = 2. A large bibliography is provided.
Rocznik
Strony
441--452
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
autor
  • School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
Bibliografia
  • [1] D. Basu, On the independence of linear functions of independent chance variables, Bull. Inst. Internat. Statist. 23, Tome 2 (1951), pp. 83-96.
  • [2] - and R. G. Laha, On some characterizations of the normal distribution, Sankhya 13 (1954), pp. 359-362. (See also Addenda, ibidem 14 (1954), p. 180.).
  • [3] S. N. Bernstein, On a property characterizing the law of Gauss (in Russian), Trudy Leningradsk. Polytekhn. Inst. 3 (1941), pp. 21-22. (See also Bernstein [4], pp. 394-395).
  • [4] - Sobranie Sochinenii (Collected Works). IV Teoriia Veroiatnostei i Matematicheskaia Statistika [1911-1946], Nauka, Moscow 1964.
  • [5] W. Bryc, The Normal Distribution: Characterizations with Applications, Lecture Notes in Statist. 100, Springer, New York 1995.
  • [6] H. Cramér, Über eine Eigenschaft der normalen Verteilungsfunktion, Math. Z. 41 (1936), pp. 405-414.
  • [7] G. Darmois, Analyse des liaisons de probabilité, in: Proceedings Int. Statist. Conference 1947, Vol. IIIA, Washington, D.C., 1951, p. 231.
  • [8] - Sur une propriété caractéristique de la loi de probabilité de Laplace, C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 232 (1951), pp. 1999-2000.
  • [9] - Sur diverses propriétés caractéristiques de la loi de probabilité de Laplace-Gauss, Bull. Inst. Internat. Statist. 33, Tome 2 (1953), pp. 79-82.
  • [10] - Analyse générale des liaisons stochastiques, Rev. Inst. Internat. Statist. 21 (1953), pp. 2-8.
  • [11] D. Dugué, Analyticité et convexité des fonctions caractéristiques, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré 12 (1951), pp. 45-56.
  • [12] - Arithmétique des lois des probabilités, Mém. Sci. Math., Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1957.
  • [13] W. Feller, An Introduction to Probability Theory and Its Applications, Vol. 2, 2nd edition, Wiley, New York 1971.
  • [14] M. Fréchet, Généralisation de la loi de probabilité de Laplace, Ann. Inst. H. Poincaré 13 (1951), pp. 1-29.
  • [15] R. C. Geary, Distribution of Student's ratio for non-normal samples, J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Supp. 3 (1936), pp. 178-184.
  • [16] B. V. Gnedenko, On a theorem of S. N. Bernstein (in Russian), Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 12 (1948), pp. 97-100.
  • [17] M. Kac, On a characterization of the normal distribution, Amer. J. Math. 61 (1939), pp. 726-728.
  • [18] - Enigmas of Chance. An Autobiography, Harper and Row, New York 1985.
  • [19] A. M. Kagan, The Lukacs-King method applied to problems involving linear forms of independent random variables, Metron 46 (1988), pp. 5-19.
  • [20] - Yu V. Linnik and C. R. Rao, Characterization Problems in Mathematical Statistics, Wiley, New York 1973.
  • [21] R. G. Laha and V. K. Rohatgi, Probability Theory, Wiley, New York 1979.
  • [22] H. O. Lancaster, The characterization of the normal distribution, J. Austral. Math. Soc. 1 (1960), pp. 368-383.
  • [23] P. Lévy, Théorie de l'addition des variables aléatoires (2nd edition 1954), Gauthier-Villars, Paris 1937.
  • [24] Yu. V. Linnik, Remarks concerning the classical derivation of Maxwell's law (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 85 (1952), pp. 1251-1254.
  • [25] - A remark on Cramér's Theorem on the decomposition of the normal law, Theory Probab. Appl. 1 (1956), pp. 435-436.
  • [26] - Razlozhenia veroiatnostnikh zakonov (Decompositions of Probability Laws), Izd. Leningrad. Univ., Leningrad 1960.
  • [27] - E. Lukacs, A characterization of the normal distribution, Ann. Math. Statist. 13 (1942) pp. 91-93.
  • [28] - Characteristic Functions, 2nd edition, Griffin, London 1970.
  • [29] - and E. P. King, A property of the normal distribution, Ann. Math. Statist. 25 (1954), pp. 389-394.
  • [30] E. Lukacs and R. G. Laha, Applications of Characteristic Functions, Hafner, New York 1964. (Reprinted as Griffin's Statistical Monograph No. 14, Griffin, London).
  • [31] J. Marcinkiewicz, Sur une propriété de la loi de Gauss, Math. Z. 44 (1938), pp. 612-618.
  • [32] S. Mazurkiewicz, Un théoréme sur les fonctions caractéristiques, Bulletin International de 1'Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres. Sér. A, Numéro Sommaire (1940-1946), pp. 1-3.
  • [33] P. A. P. Moran, An Introductron to Probability Theory, Clarendon, Oxford 1968.
  • [34] M. P. Quine, On three characterizations of the normal distribution, Probab. Math. Statist. 14 (1993), pp. 257-263.
  • [35] D. Raikov, On the decomposition of Gauss and Poisson laws (in Russian), Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 2 (1938), pp. 91-124.
  • [36] V. P. Skitovich, On a property of the normal distribution (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 89 (1953), pp. 217-219.
  • [37] - Linear combinations of independent random variables and the normal distribution law (in Russian), Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR Ser. Mat. 18 (1954), pp. 185-200. (Translated in: Selected Translations in Math. Statist. and Probab. 2 (1962), pp. 221-228).
  • [38] G. B. Tranquilli, Sul Teorema di Basu-Darmois, Giornale dell'Istituto Italiano degli Attuari 29 (1966), pp. 135-152.
  • [39] A. A. Zinger, On independence of polynomial and quasi-polynomial statistics (in Russian), Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 110 (1956), pp. 319-322.
  • [40] - Independence of quasi-polynomial statistics and analytica1 properties of distributions (in Russian), Teor. Veroyatnost. i Primenen. 3 (1958), pp. 265-284.
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Bibliografia
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