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Background: As high-performance human and equine athletes train and compete at the highest level of effort, the prevention of high-performance-cased diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), requires knowledge of the anatomy and physiology of the subjected bones. Objective: Implementation of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol to quantify the radiological features of anatomical structures of the normal equine tarsal joint as the first step in the prevention of the tarsal joints OA in high-performance sport horses. Methods: A radiographic examination was performed in six cadaverous equine pelvic limbs. The dorso–plantar projection of the tarsal joint was performed using density standard (DS) attached to the radiographic cassette, standard X-ray equipment and standard diagnostic imaging protocol. On each of the radiographs, pixel brightness (PB) was extracted for each of the 10 steps (S1–S10) of DS. On each of the radiographs, seven regions of interest (ROIs) were annotated representing four bones (II tarsal bone [II TB], III tarsal bone [III TB], IV tarsal bone [IV TB] and central tarsal bone [CTB]) and three joints (proximal intertarsal joint [PIJ], distal intertarsal joint [DIJ] and tarsometatarsal joint [TMJ]), respectively. For each ROI, the percentage (%) of number of pixels (NP) from each range was calculated. Results: The % of NP was lower in bones than in joint spaces for S1–S6 and was higher in bones than in joint spaces for S8–S10. The % of NP was higher in PIJ than TMJ for S1 and higher in PIJ than DIJ for S4. No differences were found between consecutive bones for all examined steps of DS. Conclusions: An application of the scaled–pixel–counting protocol provides the quantitative radiological features of normal bone and joint structures of the tarsal joint in horses, making possible differentiation of the lucency of joint space and opacity of bone structure.
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483--489
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
autor
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, ul. Wiejska 45C, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
autor
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Reed SA. Horses as athletes: the road to success. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3): 3-4. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac024
- 2. Baccarin RYA, Seidel SRT, Michelacci YM, Tokawa PKA, Oliveira TM. Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse’s life. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3):25-36. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac026
- 3. Latham CM, Guy CP, Wesolowski LT, White-Springer SH. Fueling equine performance: importance of mitochondrial phenotype in eq-uine athletes. Animal Frontiers. 2022;12(3):6–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac023
- 4. Goodrich LR, Nixon AJ. Medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse–a review. The Veterinary Journal. 2006;171(1): 51-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2004.07.008
- 5. De Sousa NR, Luna SP, Pizzigatti D, Martins MT, Possebon FS, Aguiar AC. Relation between type and local of orthopedic injuries with physical activity in horses. Ciência Rural. 2017;47: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151218
- 6. Coppelman EB, David FH, Tóth F, Ernst NS, Trumble TN. The asso-ciation between collagen and bone biomarkers and radiographic os-teoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2020;52(3): 391-398. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13187
- 7. Baxter GM, Southwood LL, Dechant JE. Diagnosis of distal tarsal osteoarthritis in horses. Compendium On Continuing Education For The Practising Veterinarian-North American Edition. 2003;25(2): 138–147.
- 8. Eksell P, Axelsson M, Broström H, Ronéus B, Häggström J, Carlsten J. Prevalence and risk factors of bone spavin in Icelandic horses in Sweden: a radiographic field study. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica. 1998;39: 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03547782
- 9. Björnsdóttir S, Axelsson M, Eksell P, Sigurdsson H, Carlsten J. Radiographic and clinical survey of degenerative joint disease in the distal tarsal joints in Icelandic horses. Equine Veterinary Journal (2000);32(3): 268-272. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516400776563590
- 10. Ley CJ, Björnsdóttir S, Ekman S, Boyde A, Hansson K. Detection of early osteoarthritis in the centrodistal joints of Icelandic horses: Eval-uation of radiography and low‐field magnetic resonance imaging. Eq-uine Veterinary Journal. 2016;48(1): 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12370
- 11. Fairburn A, Dyson S, Murray R. Clinical significance of osseous spurs on the dorsoproximal aspect of the third metatarsal bone. Eq-uine Veterinary Journal. 2010;42: 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00097.x
- 12. Dechant JE, Baxter GM, Southwood LL, et al. Use of a three-drilltract technique for arthrodesis of the distal tarsal joints in horses with dis-tal tarsal osteoarthritis: 54 cases (1990–1999). Journal of the Ameri-can Veterinary Medical Association. 2003;223(12): 1800–1805. https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.2003.223.1800
- 13. Zubrod CJ, Schneider RK, Hague BA, Ragle CA, Gavin PR, Kawcak CE. Comparison of three methods for arthrodesis of the distal inter-tarsal and tarsometatarsal joints in horses. Veterinary Surgery. 2005;34: 372–382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00057.x
- 14. Gunther KP, Sun Y. Reliability of radiographic assessment in hip and knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 1999;7: 239–246. https://doi.org/10.1053/joca.1998.0152
- 15. Kessler S, Dieppe P, Fuchs J, Sturmer T, Gunther KP. Assessing the prevalence of hand osteoarthritis in epidemiological studies. The reli-ability of a radiological hand scale. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseas-es. 2000;59: 289–292. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.4.289 Available from: https://ard.bmj.com/content/59/4/289
- 16. Innes JF, Costello M, Barr FJ, Rudorf H, Barr ARS. Radiographic progression of osteoarthritis of the canine stifle joint: a prospective study. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2004;45(2): 143-148. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2004.04024.x
- 17. Bjornsdottir S, Ekman S, Eksell P, Lord P. High detail radiography and histology of the centrodistal tarsal joint of Icelandic horses age 6 months to 6 years. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2004;36: 5–11. https://doi.org/10.2746/0425164044864679
- 18. Labens R, Innocent GT, Voûte LC. Reliability of a quantitative rating scale for assessment of horses with distal tarsal osteoarthritis. Veter-inary Radiology & Ultrasound. 2007;48(3): 204-211. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00230.x
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-5dc675a1-68ec-4137-89ac-69d651d4a357
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