Amoniak. Dokumentacja proponowanych wartości dopuszczalnych poziomów narażenia zawodowego

• Autorzy: Tarkowski M. , Tarkowski S.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Amonia

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Amoniak jest bezbarwnym gazem o ostrym i odpychającym zapachu, wyczuwalnym w zakresie stężeń 0,6 -s- 40 mg/m3. W wodzie 90% amoniaku występuje w postaci jonów amonowych. Ponad 90% amoniaku w powietrzu jest pochodzenia naturalnego, a jedynie około 5% pochodzi z produkcji w zakładach przemysłowych, z czego 80% wykorzystuje się do produkcji nawozów. Głównym źródłem narażenia jest powietrze. Narażenie pokarmowe lub skórne może być wynikiem jedynie przypadkowego spożycia soli amoniaku lub polania się jego stężonym roztworem. Skutki powtarzanego narażenie na amoniak są przede wszystkim związane z jego działaniem drażniącym na górne drogi oddechowe. Amoniak ulega szybkiemu wchłanianiu i wydalaniu w górnych drogach oddechowych, dlatego nie powoduje zmian w głębszych tkankach organizmu. W dostępnym piśmiennictwie nie ma informacji o teratogennym, genotoksycznym lub kancerogennym działaniu amoniaku. Najmniejsze stężenie amoniaku, po którym obserwowano drażnienie górnych dróg oddechowych i oczu oraz pogorszenie funkcji oddechowej płuc, wynosiło 70 mg/m3 (LOAEL). Za podstawę wartości NDS amoniaku przyjęto stężenie 35 mg/m3. Po narażeniu na amoniak o tym stężeniu nie obserwowano skutków szkodliwych dla zdrowia ludzi (NOAEL). Uwzględniając wrażliwość osobniczą ludzi oraz wartość normatywu przyjętą w Unii Europejskiej, zaproponowano, aby wartość NDS amoniaku, jako wartość średnią ważoną dla 8-godzinnego dnia pracy, ustalić na poziomie 14 mg/m3 (19,74 ppm), a wartość NDSCh - na poziomie 28 mg/m3 (39,48 ppm), ze względu na działanie drażniące związku.

EN

Amonia is a colourless gas of an unbearable odour, detectable in air concentrations from 0.6 to 40 mg/m3. Ninety percent of amonia is in water in the form of amonia ions. Over 90% of amonia in the atmospheric air is of natural origin and only 5% originates from industrial production. Eighty percent of the latter is utilised in the production of fertilisers. The main source of exposure is amonia in the air. Exposure through ingestion or through skin penetration can only take place in the case of accidental ingestion of amonia or as a result of splashing a highly concentrated solution. The effects of repeated exposure to amonia are mainly in the form of irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Amonia is rapidly absorbed in the upper respiratory tract and removed from the body through exhalation. There is nliterature data indicating teratogenic, genotoxic or carcinogenic effects.The lowest observed concentration which caused irritation of the upper respiratory tract (LOAEL) was 70 mg/m3. The air concentration of amonia of 35 mg/m3 was used as the highest permissible concentration, at which no adverse health effects could be observed (NOAEL). Taking into account individual sensitivity among people and the standard value established in the European Union, it has been proposed that the highest permissible concentration of amonia should be 14 mg/m3 as an average during an 8-hour work shift, and 28 mg/3 as a short-term exposure limit in view of its irritation effect. The main source of exposure is amonia in the air. Exposure through ingestion or through skin penetration can only take place in the case of accidental ingestion of amonia or as a result of splashing a highly concentrated solution. The effects of repeated exposure to amonia are mainly in the form of irritation of the upper respiratory tract. Amonia is rapidly absorbed in the upper respiratory tract and removed from the body through exhalation. There is no literature data indicating teratogenic, genotoxic or carcinogenic effects The lowest observed concentration which caused irritation of the upper respiratory tract (LOAEL) was 70 mg/m3.The air concentration of amonia of 35 mg/m3 was used as the highest permissible concentration, at which no adverse health effects could be observed (NOAEL). Taking into account individual sensitivity among people and the standard value established in the European Union, it has been proposed that the highest permissible concentration of amonia should be 14 mg/mJ as an average during an 8-hour work shift, and 28 mg/3 as a short-term exposure limit in view of its irritation effect.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

amoniak; narażenie zawodowe; działanie drażniące

EN

amonia; occupational exposure; irritation

• Wydawca: Centralny Instytut Ochrony Pracy - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: Nr 2 (36)
• Strony: 5--32
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 91 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Tarkowski M.

• Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 90-950 Łódź ul. św. Teresy

autor

Tarkowski S.

• Instytut Medycyny Pracy im. prof. dr. med. Jerzego Nofera 90-950 Łódź ul. św. Teresy

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